Ketahui Bahaya Bagi Tubuh Bila Kecanduan Ganja

Ketahui Bahaya Bagi Tubuh Bila Kecanduan Ganja

Bagikan :


Ganja, atau dikenal dengan nama lain marijuana, weed, pot, dope, grass sebenarnya adalah tanaman obat yang berasal dari tanaman ganja. Tanaman ini memiliki senyawa pengubah pikiran yang dapat mempengaruhi otak dan tubuh. Ganja dapat membuat ketagihan dan menimbulkan efek buruk bagi kesehatan.

Ganja dikonsumsi dengan berbagai cara, bisa dengan dihisap, diuapkan, diminum atau dimakan. Walaupun bermanfaat bagi dunia medis, namun kebanyakan saat ini ganja disalahgunakan sebagai kesenangan semata, yang tentunya apabila membuat ketagihan bisa sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan.

Dilansir americanaddictioncenters.org, ganja mengandung senyawa kimia bernama tetrahydrocannabinol atau THC yang dapat meniru zat endocannabinoid yang diproduksi di dalam tubuh manusia. Zat ini bekerja dengan mengontrol produksi neurotransmitter yang memfasilitasi komunikasi antara otak dan sistem saraf pusat. Pada tubuh, endocannabinoid dapat merilekskan otot, mengurangi peradangan, melindungi jaringan yang rusak dan mengatur nafsu makan serta metabolisme tubuh.

Ganja sebenarnya dapat memberikan manfaat kesehatan bagi tubuh bila digunakan sesuai resep, namun dapat pula memberikan efek negatif bagi tubuh apabila dikonsumsi berlebihan. Efek negatif ganja, antara lain:

Menyebabkan 'teler'

Kandungan THC di dalam ganja, seperti dilansir WebMD dapat merangsang bagian otak untuk merespon kesenangan. Senyawa ini dapat melepaskan dopamin yang dapat memberikan perasaan euforia dan santai. THC dapat masuk ke aliran darah dalam waktu hitungan detik atau menit. Tingkat THC biasanya memuncak dalam waktu sekitar 30 menit, dan efeknya akan turun dalam 1-3 jam.

Mempengaruhi kesehatan mental

Dibandingkan bahaya terhadap fisik, konsumsi ganja lebih memberikan pengaruh buruk pada kesehatan psikis. Walaupun memiliki efek pengurangan kecemasan, sedasi dan euforia, mengonsumsi ganja dapat menyebabkan keracunan dan ketagihan sehingga sulit diantisipasi dampak psikisnya, terutama apabila dikonsumsi dalam dosis tinggi setiap hari. Dilansir CDC, orang yang menggunakan ganja lebih mungkin mengalami psikosis sementara (termasuk halusinasi dan paranoid) dan gangguan mental jangka panjang.

Menurut WebMD, mengonsumsi ganja dapat membuat Anda cemas, takut atau panik dan meningkatkan risiko depresi klinis serta memperburuk gejala gangguan mental. Dalam dosis tinggi, ganja juga dapat membuat Anda paranoid, kehilangan kendali serta berhalusinasi. Penggunaan ganja juga dikaitkan dengan depresi, kecemasan pikiran dan upaya untuk bunuh diri.

Kerusakan paru-paru dan batuk berkesinambungan

Menurut americanaddictioncenters.org, asap ganja yang terdiri dari bahan kimia beracun (seperti amonia dan hidrogen sianida), jika digunakan dalam jangka panjang dapat merusak saluran bronkial dan paru-paru. Selain itu, ganja juga dapat menyebabkan batuk yang terus-menerus, sulit bernapas dan adanya dahak serta lendir berlebihan di tenggorokan.

Risiko penyakit dan serangan jantung

Selain masalah pada sistem pernapasan, THC juga dapat memasuki aliran darah dan masuk ke organ lain seperti jantung. The National Institute on Drug Abuse, seperti dilansir americanaddictioncenters.org memperingatkan bahwa bahan kimia tersebut dapat meningkatkan detak jantung sebanyak 50 kali denyut per menit yang dapat bertahan selama tiga jam. Perokok ganja yang memiliki penyakit jantung berisiko lebih besar terkena serangan jantung, bahkan ketika dikonsumsi secara tidak teratur.

Meningkatkan risiko saat dikombinasikan dengan alkohol

Jika Anda mengonsumsi alkohol dan menghisap ganja, maka risiko bahayanya akan berlipat ganda.

Berat badan bayi di bawah normal

Menurut WebMD, ketika ibu hamil mengonsumsi ganja, maka risiko berat badan bayi di bawah normal atau bayi lahir prematur meningkat.

Efek samping lain yang dapat terjadi seperti dilansir CDC, antara lain:

  • Mempengaruhi otak khususnya bagian otak yang bertanggung jawab pada ingatan pembelajaran, konsentrasi, pengambilan keputusan, koordinasi, emosi dan waktu reaksi
  • Meningkatkan risiko keracunan
  • Meningkatkan risiko gangguan jiwa seperti skizofrenia
  • Memengaruhi kemampuan dalam mengoperasikan kendaraan, seperti memperlambat reaksi dan kemampuan membuat keputusan, serta memperlambat koordinasi tubuh. Studi bahkan menemukan bahwa adanya kaitan antara kecelakaan mobil dengan penggunaan ganja, walaupun hal ini masih membutuhkan lebih banyak penelitian yang mendalam
  • Meningkatkan risiko penggunaan obat terlarang lainnya

Karena meningkatkan risiko kecanduan, maka sebaiknya hentikan konsumsi ganja. Apabila Anda membutuhkan bantuan untuk berhenti mengonsumsi ganja, konsultasikan dengan psikiater untuk mendapatkan program rehabilitasi yang tepat agar terlepas dari ketergantungan narkoba.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 03:05

CDC (2017). Marijuana Fast Facts and Fact Sheets. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/fact-sheets.htm

American Addiction Centers (2021). How Bad Is Weed for You?: Dangers of Long-Term Marijuana Use. Available from: https://americanaddictioncenters.org/marijuana-rehab/long-term-effects

 

WebMD (2021). How Pot Affects Your Mind and Body. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/marijuana-use-and-its-effects#1

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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