Efek Penggunaan Ganja bagi Kesehatan Otak

Efek Penggunaan Ganja bagi Kesehatan Otak
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Ganja atau marijuana adalah substansi yang berasal dari tanaman Cannabis sativa. Cara penggunaan ganja paling populer adalah dikeringkan, kemudian diisap seperti rokok. Ganja juga dikenal dapat digunakan sebagai campuran dalam makanan tertentu. Penggunaan ganja secara bebas baik dalam jangka pendek maupun panjang memiliki efek samping bagi kesehatan termasuk otak.

 

Bahaya Penyalahgunaan Ganja bagi Kesehatan Otak

Tanaman ganja dipercaya bisa dipakai untuk keperluan medis. Beberapa negara memperbolehkan penggunaan ganja untuk kebutuhan medis maupun nonmedis. Saat ini di Indonesia sendiri, penggunaan ganja medis masih dalam kajian sedangkan penggunaan ganja untuk rekreasional termasuk tindakan ilegal.

Ganja mengandung THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol), bahan psikoaktif yang dapat menstimulus otak. Penggunaan THC dapat memengaruhi bagian otak yang merespon terhadap rasa senang, seperti ketika menikmati makanan atau hubungan seksual. Stimulasi tersebut akan membuat tubuh melepaskan dopamin sehingga memberi perasaan senang dan rileks.

Baca Juga: Ganja Medis: Apa Manfaatnya bagi Kesehatan?

Jika Anda mengisap ganja, THC akan masuk ke tubuh melalui paru-paru. Dari paru, THC akan memasuki aliran darah dan mengalir ke otak. Jika Anda mengonsumsi ganja dengan dimakan atau mencampurnya dalam minuman, organ hati akan mengolah molekul THC menjadi molekul yang lebih kuat daripada bila ganja dihisap, sehingga memiliki efek ganjanya akan lebih besar.

Pada penggunaan jangka panjang, ganja dapat menimbulkan efek samping berikut:

 

Masalah daya ingat dan kemampuan berpikir

Dalam jangka panjang, pemakaian ganja dapat menyebabkan masalah pada kemampuan belajar dan berpikir. Sebuah penelitian yang dilakukan selama 25 tahun pada responden berusia 18-30 tahun menunjukkan bahwa pengguna ganja jangka panjang memiliki performa nilai yang lebih rendah daripada orang yang tidak menggunakan ganja secara rutin.

Meskipun demikian, masih belum jelas apakah ganja menjadi penyebab responden mendapatkan nilai lebih rendah atau ada faktor lain yang memengaruhi.

 

Perubahan struktur otak

Pemakaian ganja diyakini berkaitan dengan perubahan struktur otak, namun masih dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai hal tersebut. Sebuah studi pada tahun 2013 mengungkapkan bahwa orang yang menggunakan ganja memiliki hipokampus lebih kecil. Hippocampus adalah bagian dari otak yang penting untuk proses belajar dan mengingat. Walaupun begitu, ada juga studi yang tidak menemukan bukti bahwa terdapat perubahan struktur terkait pemakaian ganja.

 

Memicu kecanduan

Menurut Substance Use and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 1 dari 10 orang dewasa yang menggunakan ganja akan berisiko mengalami kecanduan ganja. Semakin sering menggunakan ganja, seseorang juga berisiko mengalami penyalahgunaan alkohol dan narkotika, terlebih jika mulai mengenal substansi tersebut sejak remaja.

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda Seseorang Mengalami Kecanduan Ganja

 

Penyakit mental

Penggunaan ganja dalam jangka panjang sering dikaitkan dengan gejala halusinasi dan paranoia. Masalah ketergantungan ganja juga sering dikaitkan dengan depresi, kecemasan, dan skizofrenia. Namun masih dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh penggunaan ganja dalam waktu lama.

 

Berbahaya bagi perkembangan janin dan pertumbuhan anak

Ganja yang digunakan bukan hanya dapat memengaruhi kondisi kesehatan diri sendiri namun juga bagi bayi yang dikandung. Sebuah studi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ganja oleh ibu selama kehamilan dapat dikaitkan dengan masalah dengan perhatian, ingatan, keterampilan memecahkan masalah, dan perilaku pada anak-anak mereka. 

 

Ganja mengandung senyawa yang dapat memengaruhi cairan kimia otak. Untuk itu penggunaan ganja sebaiknya hanya digunakan untuk keperluan medis. Apabila Anda mengalami ketergantungan ganja sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter atau psikolog. Anda juga dapat memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi menggunakan aplikasi Ai Care. 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 21 Juni 2023 | 07:28

Gupta. S. (2023). Does Weed Permanently Damage Your Brain? Long-Term Effects of Marijuana. Available from: https://www.goodrx.com/health-topic/cannabis/what-does-weed-do-to-the-brain

CDC. Brain Health. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/health-effects/brain-health.html

Frysh, P. (2021). How Pot Affects Your Mind and Body. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/marijuana-use-and-its-effects

Mayo Clinic Staff. Medical Marijuana. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/medical-marijuana/art-20137855

Testai FD, Gorelick PB, Aparicio HJ, Filbey FM, Gonzalez R, Gottesman RF, Melis M, Piano MR, Rubino T, Song SY; on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Brain Health Science Subcommittee of the Stroke Council; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; and Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. Use of marijuana: effect on brain health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke. 2022;53:e176–e187. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STR.0000000000000396

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8885 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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