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  • Kenali Jenis-Jenis Pemanis Buatan dan Bahayanya bagi Kesehatan

Kenali Jenis-Jenis Pemanis Buatan dan Bahayanya bagi Kesehatan

Kenali Jenis-Jenis Pemanis Buatan dan Bahayanya bagi Kesehatan
Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Pemanis buatan banyak ditambahkan ke dalam makanan atau minuman sebagai pengganti gula. Pemanis ini mampu memberikan rasa manis yang sama seperti gula namun memiliki kalori lebih kecil. Banyak masyarakat awan menganggap bahwa pemanis buatan lebih sehat dari gula biasa. Namun sebenarnya, penggunaan pemanis buatan juga berisiko menimbulkan efek samping bagi kesehatan.

 

Apa Itu Pemanis Buatan?

Pemanis buatan adalah zat tambahan yang dibuat untuk meniru rasa manis gula dan dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti gula. Pemanis ini dibuat melalui proses kimiawi dalam mengolah molekul dan menghasilkan zat yang memiliki rasa lebih manis dibandingkan gula namun memiliki kalori lebih sedikit atau bahkan tanpa kalori.

Lidah manusia memiliki banyak sel pengecap dan reseptor rasa untuk mendeteksi beragam jenis rasa. Ketika Anda mengecap makanan, reseptor rasa akan bertemu dengan molekul makanan. Kesesuaian antara reseptor dan molekul akan mengirimkan sinyal ke otak lalu diterjemahkan sebagai rasa manis, asin, pahit atau asam. Pada pemanis buatan, zat tambahan ini mengandung molekul manis yang akan memberikan rasa manis saat dikecap.

Baca Juga: Bukan Hanya Gula, Pengidap Diabetes Juga Perlu Waspada dalam Mengonsumsi Garam

 

Jenis-Jenis Pemanis Buatan

Pemanis buatan biasanya digunakan dalam makanan kemasan atau sebagai pengganti gula yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh pengidap diabetes. Beberapa jenis pemanis buatan yang banyak digunakan antara lain:

Sakarin

Sakarin adalah sejenis pemanis buatan yang memiliki tingkat kemanisan 300-400 kali lebih manis dibandingkan gula biasa. Karena sangat manis, Anda hanya perlu menggunakan sakarin dalam jumlah sedikit untuk mendapatkan rasa manis.

Sakarin tidak mengandung kalori dan karbohidrat serta tidak merusak gigi. Namun pengguna sakarin umumnya merasakan aftertaste yang cenderung pahit sehingga terkadang sakarin dicampur dengan pemanis buatan lainnya seperti aspartam. Jenis pemanis ini perlu dihindari bila Anda sedang hamil atau menyusui.

Aspartam

Pemanis aspartam memiliki tingkat kemanisan lebih rendah dari sakarin dan saat ini menjadi pemanis buatan yang banyak digunakan, bisa ditemukan pada diet soda, makanan manis bebas gula, atau yogurt. Berbeda dengan sakarin, aspartam tidak meninggalkan aftertaste yang pahit.

Pengidap fenilketonuria di mana seseorang memiliki kondisi bawaan lahir yang membuat tubuhnya tidak bisa memecah asam amino fenilalanin tidak dianjurkan untuk mengonsumsi pemanis ini. Hal ini karena konsumsi aspartam dapat meningkatkan fenilalatin, sehingga asam amino tersebut akan menumpuk di tubuh. Orang-orang yang memiliki migrain, gangguan kejang atau sedang hamil juga sebaiknya menghindari konsumsi aspartam.

Baca Juga: Diklaim Memiliki Mineral Lebih Banyak, Benarkah Brown Sugar Lebih Sehat dari Gula Putih?

Sukralosa

Sukralosa adalah pemanis buatan yang terbuat dari gula pasir dan memiliki rasa yang mirip dengan gula. Tingkat kemanisan sukralosa mencapai 600 kali lipat dari gula pasir. Kelebihan dari sukralosa adalah pemanis ini tidak disimpan dalam darah, cukup stabil jika terkena suhu panas atau dingin dan tidak merusak gigi.

Jenis pemanis ini bisa ditemukan pada makanan seperti yogurt, permen serta es krim. Namun ada penelitian yang menyebutkan bahwa konsumsi sukralosa dapat mengubah flora normal di usus.

Acesulfame K

Acesulfame K adalah pengganti gula tanpa kalori yang 200 kali lebih manis dari gula. Pemanis ini juga dikenal sebagai acesulfame potassium atau Ace-K. Pemanis ini sering digunakan dalam kombinasi dengan pemanis lainnya dan dapat dijumpai pada makanan dan minuman olahan termasuk makanan yang dipanggang, permen, dan minuman ringan. 

 

Efek Samping Pemanis Buatan

Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, keamanan penggunaan pemanis buatan masih menimbulkan perbedaan pendapat di kalangan para ahli. Masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk memahami efek samping dan keamanan pemanis buatan bagi kesehatan. Beberapa penelitian awal menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pemanis buatan dapat meningkatkan risiko beberapa masalah kesehatan, di antaranya:

  • Obesitas
  • Hipertensi
  • Sindrom metabolik
  • Penyakit jantung

Jika Anda benar-benar ingin mengurangi makanan dan minuman manis, sebaiknya batasi konsumsi gula. Pemanis buatan tidak masalah untuk dikonsumsi asalkan tidak berlebihan. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan gula alami dari buah-buahan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gula dalam tubuh. 

Apabila ingin mengonsumsi pemanis buatan, sebaiknya konsultasikan terlebih dahulu dengan dokter atau ahli gizi. Anda juga bisa berkonsultasi menggunakan layanan yang tersedia pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 25 Mei 2023 | 07:05

WebMD Editorial Contributors. Artificial Sweeteners and Diabetes. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/artificial-sweeteners-diabetes-patients

Cleveland Clinic. This Is Why Artificial Sweeteners Are Bad for You. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/whats-worse-sugar-or-artificial-sweetener/

Mayo Clinic. Artificial sweeteners and other sugar substitutes. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/artificial-sweeteners/art-20046936#

NHS. The truth about sweeteners. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-types/are-sweeteners-safe/

Brown, J. (2019). Saccharin — Is This Sweetener Good or Bad?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/saccharin-good-or-bad

Foley, J. (2023). What Are Artificial Sweeteners, and Are They Bad For Me? 6 Possible Risks to Consider. Available from: https://www.goodrx.com/well-being/diet-nutrition/artificial-sweeteners

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 778 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8525
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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