Kenali Tahapan Proses Persalinan Normal (Inpartu)

Kenali Tahapan Proses Persalinan Normal (Inpartu)
Ilustrasi persalinan normal

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Memasuki kehamilan pada bulan ke-9, saatnya ibu bersiap untuk menjalani proses persalinan. Bagi ibu yang akan menjalani persalinan normal, perlu mengetahui tahapan persalinan yang akan dilalui. Seperti apa tahapan persalinan normal tersebut? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Tahapan Persalinan (Inpartu)

Inpartu atau tahap kelahiran normal adalah proses kelahiran bayi yang ditandai dengan kontraksi rahim yang reguler dan nyeri yang menyebabkan dilatasi progresif dan kematangan serviks. Menurut WHO, inpartu adalah tanda-tanda kelahiran yang spontan dan risiko rendah di mana posisi kepala bayi berada di bawah dengan usia kehamilan 37-42 minggu.

Dalam proses persalinan inpartu, ada 3 tahapan yang dikenal dengan istilah kala. Di setiap prosesnya, tenaga medis akan mendampingi ibu untuk mengawasi dan memberitahu hal-hal apa saja yang perlu dilakukan untuk menjalani persalinan dengan lancar. 

Kala I

Kala pertama adalah tahap paling pertama ketika proses persalinan. Tahapan ini ditandai dengan munculnya kontraksi yang terus-menerus. Kontraksi akan menjadi lebih kuat, reguler dan lebih sering terjadi.

Kontraksi ini menyebabkan serviks menjadi halus dan berdilatasi (melebar), yang akan membantu mulut rahim terbuka sehingga bayi dapat melewati serviks dengan mudah.

Kala I merupakan kala yang paling panjang dari tiga kala lainya, dan tahapan ini dapat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu awal atau laten dan aktif.

  • Fase laten

Fase laten ditandai dengan serviks yang melebar dan mematang untuk membuka jalan rahim yang akan dilewati bayi. Ketika serviks membuka, akan muncul bercak darah berwarna merah muda yang keluar dari vagina.

Lamanya fase laten tidak dapat diprediksi, terutama pada ibu yang menjalani persalinan untuk pertama kalinya. Bagi ibu hamil yang menjalani persalinan kedua, ketiga dan seterusnya umumnya fase laten akan lebih singkat. 

Sebagian besar ibu hamil akan merasa tidak nyaman selama fase laten seiring dengan meningkatnya kontraksi yang lebih intens. Untuk membuat ibu hamil lebih nyaman, beberapa hal yang bisa dilakukan antara lain jalan santai, mandi dan hal lainnya yang membuat ibu lebih rileks. 

Baca Juga: Mengapa Maternity Leave (Cuti Melahirkan) Begitu Penting bagi Ibu

  • Fase Aktif

Pada fase aktif kala 1, serviks akan membuka dari 6 cm - 10 cm. Kontraksi akan lebih kuat, lebih sering dan teratur. Ibu mungkin akan mengalami kram, mual dan merasakan sensasi seperti pecah ketuban dan tekanan pada punggung. Bila mengalami gejala tersebut sebaiknya segera ke rumah sakit untuk persiapan persalinan.

Di akhir fase aktif, nyeri akan muncul lebih intens. Kontraksi akan datang dalam jarak lebih sering dan dapat berlangsung selama 60-90 detik. Anda akan merasakan tekanan pada punggung dan rektum (bagian akhir usus besar).

Jika muncul keinginan untuk mendorong bayi, segera lapor tenaga medis. Tenaga medis akan memeriksa apakah serviks sudah berdilatasi sepenuhnya.

Apabila serviks belum membuka, maka Anda akan diminta untuk menahan keinginan mengejan. Namun jika serviks sudah berdilatasi sepenuhnya, maka tenaga medis akan membantu proses persalinan selanjutnya yaitu mengeluarkan janin dari rahim ibu. 

 

Kala II

Fase kala II adalah fase yang dinantikan para ibu, yaitu melahirkan. Bidan atau dokter akan membimbing Anda kapan harus mengejan untuk mendorong janin keluar. Selama Anda merasakan kontraksi, Anda dapat mencoba berbagai posisi yang membuat Anda merasa paling efektif untuk mendorong. Anda dapat memposisikan kaki anda seperti duduk, jongkok, atau menarik kaki dengan tangan.

Setelah kepala bayi berhasil keluar, badan bayi akan mengikuti dalam waktu yang cepat. Ketika seluruh badan bayi berhasil dikeluarkan, jalan nafas bayi akan dibersihkan dan tali pusat akan dipotong. 

Baca Juga: Bahaya Tekanan Darah Tinggi (Hipertensi) setelah Melahirkan

 

Kala III

Setelah bayi dilahirkan, Anda memasuki fase kala III persalinan. Fase ini dimulai setelah bayi lahir dan berakhir ketika plasenta terlepas dari dinding rahim dan melewati vagina.

Tahapan ini merupakan tahapan persalinan yang paling singkat, dan berlangsung sekitar 30 menit atau beberapa jam. Anda mungkin akan merasakan kontraksi ringan yang tidak terlalu menyakitkan. Jika Anda mengalami episiotomi atau robekan pada jalan lahir, maka akan dijahit pada tahap persalinan ini.

 

Inilah tahapan yang terjadi selama proses persalinan normal. Dokter atau bidan akan membimbing Anda selama menjalani proses persalinan hingga perawatan ibu dan bayi setelah persalinan. Jika memiliki pertanyaan seputar persalinan, Anda bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi yang tersedia pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 23 Oktober 2023 | 08:52

Care in normal birth: a practical guide. Technical Working Group, World Health Organization. Birth 1997; 24:121.

Mayo Clinic. Stages of labor and birth: Baby, it's time!. 2022. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/stages-of-labor/art-20046545

Elsevier. Normal labor. 2022. Available from: https://booksite.elsevier.com/samplechapters/9780723434726/9780723434726.pdf

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.35msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1287 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1287
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7486
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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