Ketahui Tahapan Pembukaan Persalinan 1-10

Ketahui Tahapan Pembukaan Persalinan 1-10
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Pembukaan persalinan adalah proses di mana leher rahim (serviks) secara bertahap akan membuka. Pembukaan ini yang akan memungkinkan janin keluar dari rahim melalui jalan lahir.

Leher rahim biasanya tersegel oleh lendir yang membantu melindungi rahim dari bakteri dan patogen lain yang bisa membahayakan janin. Namun, menjelang persalinan, leher rahim perlahan-lahan mulai mengalami perubahan untuk mempersiapkan kelahiran bayi.

 

Tahapan Pembukaan Persalinan

Agar bayi bisa keluar dari vagina, serviks akan melebar sekitar 10 cm. Pembukaan ini dibagi menjadi beberapa tahapan, di mana serviks akan melebar mulai dari 1 hingga 10 cm.

 

Tahap awal persalinan

Tahap awal persalinan dibagi menjadi beberapa tahapan, yaitu tahap laten dan juga tahap aktif. Pada saat ini serviks akan melebar 1 hingga 6 cm.

  • Tahap laten

Tahapan persalinan awal sering kali disebut dengan istilah fase laten. Pada tahap ini serviks menjadi lunak dan tipis karena sedang bersiap diri untuk melebar dan melahirkan bayi Anda.

Fase laten setiap wanita lamanya berbeda-beda. Ada yang memakan waktu berjam-jam, bahkan berhari-hari. Namun, fase ini termasuk tahapan persalinan yang paling lama.

Pada tahap ini kontraksi mungkin mulai terjadi namun belum teratur dan memiliki frekuensi serta kekuatan yang lebih. Setelah kontraksi teratur, kontraksi akan mulai melambat atau berhenti sama sekali.

Serviks Anda telah membuka 1-4 cm di tahapan ini. Untuk mempercepat persalinan, Anda disarankan untuk rileks, mandi air hangat, berjalan-jalan, sering mengubah posisi tubuh, dan bernapas perlahan.

  • Tahap aktif

Tahap aktif persalinan umumnya berlangsung selama 4-8 jam. Kontraksi telah semakin teratur dan serviks sudah membuka sekitar 5-6 cm.

Tahap aktif persalinan ditandai dengan beberapa hal berikut:

  • Kontraksi menjadi lebih kuat, lama dan lebih menyakitkan
  • Kontraksi berlangsung sekitar 45 detik dengan jarak yang cukup dekat, setiap 3 menit
  • Selain kontraksi, Anda juga mungkin merasakan tekanan di punggung bagian bawah dan kaki yang terasa kram
  • Adanya sensasi seperti keinginan untuk mendorong
  • Air ketuban pecah
  • Sakit perut

Di akhir tahap aktif persalinan, Anda akan sampai pada masa transisi ke tahap kedua. Tahap ini mungkin menjadi tahap yang paling berat dan paling menyakitkan, yang mungkin dirasakan selama 15 - 60 menit dengan kontraksi yang saling menyusul satu sama lain dan bisa bertahan dalam durasi 60-90 detik untuk setiap kontraksinya.

 

Baca Juga: Perbedaan Persalinan Induksi dan Alami, Apa Saja?

Tahap kedua persalinan

Masuk pada tahap kedua persalinan artinya serviks telah melebar sepenuhnya, selebar 10 cm. Anda sudah siap melahirkan dan biasanya dokter atau bidan akan mulai meminta Anda untuk mendorong bayi keluar.

Tahap ini bisa berlangsung selama 20 menit atau beberapa jam. Pada saat ini kontraksi akan makin melambat setiap 2 hingga 5 menit dan bertahan sekitar 60-90 detik.

Beberapa wanita mungkin membutuhkan episiotomi untuk membantu agar bayi bisa dikeluarkan.

 

Baca Juga: Cara Mengembalikan Penampilan Perut Pascapersalinan

Tahap ketiga persalinan

Pada tahap terakhir persalinan, bayi dan plasenta akan keluar. Tahap ini menjadi tahap terpendek dalam persalinan yang biasanya berlangsung tidak lebih dari 20 menit.

Kontraksi yang terjadi tidak terasa sakit seperti pada tahapan sebelumnya. Namun, kontraksi akan terus berlangsung hingga plasenta berhasil dikeluarkan. Anda mungkin membutuhkan obat untuk membantu mencegah perdarahan yang parah serta jahitan untuk menutup sayatan episiotomi yang mengakhiri proses persalinan. Setelah semua tahapan berakhir, Anda perlu menginformasikan kepada dokter atau bidan bila merasakan gejala yang tidak biasa, perasaan kedinginan atau menggigil, rasa pusing, mual atau apa pun yang terasa tidak nyaman.

 

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di App Store atau Play Store, khususnya bila menemukan gejala tidak biasa pascapersalinan.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 6 Juli 2023 | 01:54

Chaunia Brusie (2023). Cervix Dilation Chart: The Stages of Labor. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/cervix-dilation-chart 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Stages of labor and birth: Baby, it's time!. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/stages-of-labor/art-20046545 

Tommys.org (2019). The latent phase of labour. Available from: https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/giving-birth/latent-phase-labour 

March of Dimes (2019). Stages of labor. Available from: https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/stages-labor 

Rhona Lewis (2020). What to Expect When You’re in the Latent (Early) Phase of Labor. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/latent-phase-of-labor 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Episiotomy: When it's needed, when it's not. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/episiotomy/art-20047282 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1179 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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