Apa itu Distosia Bahu dan Penyebabnya?

Apa itu Distosia Bahu dan Penyebabnya?
Credits: Freepik. Persainan pervaginam dapat dilakukan oleh semua ibu, namun ada beberapa kondisi yang dapat membuat ibu harus menjalankan operasi sesar untuk melahirkan bayinya

Bagikan :


Persainan pervaginam dapat dilakukan oleh semua ibu, namun ada beberapa kondisi yang dapat membuat ibu harus menjalankan operasi sesar untuk melahirkan bayinya, seperti kondisi panggul ibu yang sempit atau janin yang besar.

Jika persalinan pevaginam tetap dilakukan pada kondisi tersebut, janin dapat saja tesangkut dan menimbulkan komplikasi persalinan yang disebut distosia bahu.

 

Apa itu Distosia Bahu?

Istilah distosia mengacu pada persalinan yang lambat atau persalinan yang sulit. Sedangkan distosia bahu adalah kondisi penyulit persalinan yang terjadi ketika salah satu atau kedua bahu bayi tersangkut selama persalinan pervaginam.

Tidak ada tanda-tanda maupun gejala untuk mencegah kondisi ini, bahkan pemeriksaan USG tidak dapat mendeteksi adanya distosia bahu.

Distosia bahu cukup jarang terjadi, pada sekitar 200 kelahiran mungkin hanya ada 1 kasus tersangkutnya bahu bayi selama persalinan.

 

Penyebab Distosia Bahu

Distosia bahu sangat berisiko terjadi pada persalinan pervaginam. Adapun beberapa faktor yang meningkatkan risiko distosia bahu, di antaranya:

  • Makrosomia - ketika janin berukuran besar dan memiliki berat lebih dari 4 kg. Biasanya ketika dokter sudah tahu bahwa ukuran janin terlalu besar, maka sebelum terjadi pembukaan lahir, dokter akan menyarankan persalinan sesar.
  • Diabetes - kondisi diabetes meningkatkan risiko berat badan janin di atas 4 kg.
  • Memiliki riwayat distosia bahu pada persalinan sebelumnya
  • Hamil bayi kembar
  • Mengalami masalah kelebihan berat badan atau peningkatan berat badan yang berlebih saat hamil
  • Panggul terlalu sempit

Terkadang beberapa kondisi juga meningkatkan risiko distosia bahu, di antaranya:

  • Mendapatkan suntikan induksi untuk mempercepat kontraksi
  • Mendapatkan suntikan epidural sebelum persalinan
  • Jarak kehamilan dengan kehamilan sebelumnya terlalu pendek
  • Penggunaan forsep atau vakum saat persalinan terkadang juga meningkatkan risiko distosia bahu

 

Berbahayakah Distosia Bahu?

Distosia bahu adalah keadaan darurat medis, yang membutuhkan pertolongan persalinan yang cepat. Saat bahu bayi terjebak, mereka tidak akan bisa bernapas dan kemungkinan besar tali pusar juga ikut terjepit.

Bila janin tak kunjung berhasil dikeluarkan, maka beberapa risiko berikut mungkin terjadi:

  • Janin mengalami stres
  • Risiko infeksi pada janin maupun ibu
  • Pendarahan setelah melahirkan
  • Robeknya rahim
  • Peningkatan risiko trauma pada panggul dan area genital
  • Peningkatan risiko turunnya panggul
  • Peningkatan risiko kesulitan mengontrol buang air kecil (inkontinensia)
  • Kematian janin

Karena tidak ada gejala dan tidak ada cara untuk memprediksi terjadinya distosia bahu, dokter mungkin akan mencari adanya "turtle sign" saat memeriksa pembukaan jalan lahir. Yaitu ketika kepala bayi sudah mulai terlihat namun kembali masuk ke perineum.

Satu-satunya cara adalah memantau kondisi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin serta mengelola penyakit diabetes dengan baik. Anda juga disarankan untuk menjaga berat badan selama hamil agar tidak meningkat terlalu banyak.

Masih ingin tahu lebih jelas bagaimana cara mencegah distosia bahu? Jangan ragu mendiskusikannya dengan dokter kandungan Anda, ya.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 18:05

March of Dimes (2019). Shoulder Dystocia. Available from: https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/shoulder-dystocia.asp

Pregnancy Birth&Baby (2021). Shoulder dystocia. Available from: https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/shoulder-dystocia

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Shoulder Dystocia. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22311-shoulder-dystocia

 

Elizabeth Pratt (2022). What Is Labor Dystocia?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/dystocia-5186378

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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1196 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1196
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8173
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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