Takut Akan Kehamilan dan Persalinan? Mungkin Anda Mengalami Tokophobia

Takut Akan Kehamilan dan Persalinan? Mungkin Anda Mengalami Tokophobia

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Bagi sebagian wanita, kecemasan dan rasa takut berlebihan akan kehamilan dan persalinan bisa saja terjadi. Terutama bila Anda masih merasa belum siap atau ingin mencapai hal tertentu. Namun, bila rasa takut tersebut terjadi berlebihan, bisa jadi Anda mengalami tokophobia.

Sama halnya dengan phobia atau rasa takut berlebihan lainnya, tokophobia dapat menyebabkan seseorang mengalami cemas, stres berat, atau ketakutan yang sulit dikontrol. 

Tanda dan gejala tokophobia

Phobia spesifik seperti tokophobia, bisa menyebabkan ketakutan dan kecemasan berlebihan. Tak hanya ketika sebelum hamil, namun juga bisa muncul ketika menjelang persalinan. Perasaan takut tersebut umumnya disertai tanda-tanda kecemasan fisik dan emosional lain, seperti dilansir Choosing Therapy berikut ini:

  • Rasa cemas atau takut berlebihan ketika membayangkan atau memikirkan tentang persalinan.
  • Mengalami kecemasan ketika berhadapan dengan persalinan.
  • Memahami dan sadar bahwa ketakutannya berlebihan dan tidak masuk akal, namun tidak bisa mengendalikannya.
  • Menghindari persalinan pervaginam dan meminta persalinan cesar dan menjalaninya dengan penuh kecemasan.
  • Kecemasannya mempengaruhi aspek kehidupan lain, seperti pekerjaan, hubungan, aktivitas sosial, dan rutinitas sehari-hari.
  • Kecemasannya dialami lebih dari 6 bulan.
  • Kecemasan yang dialami diikuti kondisi mental lain seperti obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) atau posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • Serangan panik.

Penyebab tokophobia

Tak pernah dikemukakan secara jelas apa penyebab seseorang bisa mengalami tokophobia. Menurut penelitian, kondisi tersebut bisa jadi muncul akibat akumulasi pikiran, ketakutan, pengalaman buruk, dan prasangka tentang kehamilan dan persalinan yang dibiarkan terus menerus berkembang.

Namun, menurut Very Well Family, ada beberapa faktor yang meningkatkan risiko phobia kehamilan dan persalinan ini antara lain:

  • Ketakutan medis

Wanita yang mengalami tokophobia primer mungkin memiliki ketakutan yang besar dalam hal medis secara umum, misalnya takut akan dokter, rumah sakit, rasa sakit, kehilangan kendali, dan menjalani prosedur medis.

Ketakutan tersebut bisa disebabkan oleh pengalaman malpraktik dan rasa kurang percaya pada kompetensi profesional medis.

  • Trauma pribadi

Ketakutan seputar kehamilan dan persalinan juga bisa berasal dari pengalaman seksual yang traumatis, yang mungkin terjadi di masa anak-anak atau dewasa.

  • Trauma persalinan

Trauma persalinan bisa dialami akibat tokophobia sekunder, di mana rasa takut berlebihan disebabkan oleh pengalaman keguguran, aborsi, atau pengalaman melahirkan sebelumnya. Rasa takut yang muncul mirip dengan gangguan PTSD.

  • Riwayat kecemasan dan depresi

Faktor lain yang bisa menjadi penyebabnya adalah riwayat kecemasan dan depresi akibat hal lain, yang juga mempengaruhi depresi prenatal.

Pengobatan dan terapi

Tokohobia juga dapat diobati dan dirawat seperti phobia lain pada umumnya. Pengobatan akan diberikan untuk membantu mengurangi kecemasan dengan memberikan pengobatan seperti selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), benzodiazepines dan beta blockers.

Pengobatan akan diberikan sesuai dengan kondisi yang terlebih dahulu dikonsultasikan dengan psikiater. Selain pengobatan, Anda juga akan mendapatkan terapi seperti terapi perilaku kognitif (CBT), psikoterapi dan terapi paparan.

Cara terbaik untuk mengatasi phobia persalinan adalah melakukan konsultasi dengan psikiater yang akan membantu Anda menghadapi rasa takut dan menyiapkan Anda saat persalinan nanti. Selain itu, tetap konsultasikan kehamilan dengan dokter kandungan yang akan memantau pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin agar sehat saat persalinan nanti.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 23:49

Sarah Bradley (2021). What Is Tokophobia?. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-is-tokophobia-fear-of-childbirth-5113019

Emily Guarnotta PsyD (2020). Tokophobia: Symptoms, Treatments, & How to Cope. Available from: https://www.choosingtherapy.com/tokophobia/

Dr Rhianna McClymont (2021). Tokophobia – how to cope with a fear of childbirth and pregnancy. Available from: https://www.livi.co.uk/your-health/tokophobia-pregnancy-and-childbirth-anxiety-advice-and-information/

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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