Obesitas pada Anak Berbahaya Bagi Kesehatan, Ini Cara Mencegahnya

Obesitas pada Anak Berbahaya Bagi Kesehatan, Ini Cara Mencegahnya
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Faktanya, obesitas bukanlah masalah yang bisa dialami oleh orang dewasa saja. Obesitas adalah permasalahan serius yang juga bisa memengaruhi anak-anak dan menjadi PR besar bagi semua orang tua untuk mencegahnya.

Anak-anak disebut memiliki masalah kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas bukan karena ukuran tubuhnya yang besar, namun karena hasil perhitungan indeks massa tubuhnya menunjukkan bahwa anak mengalami obesitas. Untuk menentukan diagnosis obesitas, dokter akan menggunakan kurva pertumbuhan atau jika perlu dilakukan serangkaian tes pada anak.

 

Apa Saja Risiko Obesitas pada Anak?

Bagi sebagian orang, saat melihat anak-anak dengan berat badan berlebih mungkin menggemaskan dan lucu. Namun, Anda harus tahu bahwa kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas dapat membawa risiko kesehatan yang berbahaya bagi anak, seperti diabetes tipe 2, kolesterol tinggi, tekanan darah tinggi, nyeri sendi, gangguan pernapasan dan juga penyakit hati berlemak non alkohol.

Seiring bertambahnya usia, anak bertubuh gemuk tidak lagi terlihat menggemaskan. Justru anak dengan obesitas cenderung mudah dibully, kehilangan kepercayaan diri dan mengalami gangguan kecemasan maupun depresi.

 

Cara Mencegah Obesitas pada Anak

Obesitas tidak terjadi begitu saja, pola makan yang buruk dan kebiasaan lah yang menjadi penyebabnya. Namun karena tubuh anak-anak masih dalam masa pertumbuhan, maka sebaiknya Anda tidak berfokus pada berat badan dan pembatasan asupan kalori. Anak-anak masih membutuhkan asupan kalori yang cukup agar dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik.

Langkah pertama untuk mencegah obesitas pada anak-anak dapat difokuskan pada pola dan kebiasaan hidup sehat, di antaranya:

  • Porsi dan nutrisi

Fokuslah pada kandungan nutrisi makanan yang Anda sajikan untuk anak-anak, dan pastikan makanan yang Anda sediakan mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Buat lah variasi makanan sehingga anak tidak merasa bosan dan prioritaskan makanan dengan kandungan protein rendah lemak, karbohidrat kompleks, dan diperkaya dengan buah-buahan serta sayuran yang beraneka ragam.

Setelah itu, ajarkan anak untuk memahami bahwa untuk menjadi sehat tidak dibutuhkan makan secara berlebihan. Bentuk pola makan anak dengan porsi makan cukup yang padat gizi namun tidak berlebihan.

 

  • Aktif bergerak dan berolahraga

Aktif bergerak dan berolahraga adalah kunci untuk tetap sehat dan terhindar dari masalah kelebihan berat badan serta obesitas. Ajak anak bangun lebih pagi dan perkenalkan pada kegiatan olahraga di pagi hari. Sarankan juga aktivitas fisik seperti olahraga berenang, lompat tali, gymnastic, bersepeda, atau main bola.

 

  • Tentukan camilan dan snack time

Anak-anak belum paham betul bahwa makan makanan yang manis dan jajanan dapat menyumbang kalori yang berlebihan setiap hari, sehingga Anda harus menjelaskan dengan cara yang mudah dimengerti oleh anak. Bantu ia mengendalikan porsi camilan dengan membuat jadwal khusus apabila anak ingin makan camilan. Jangan berikan camilan setelah selesai makan besar agar asupan kalorinya tidak terlalu berlebihan.

Kurangi juga minuman manis seperti minuman bersoda, jus kalengan, minuman rasa buah kemasan dan minuman kemasan lainnya. Jelaskan pada anak bahwa air putih adalah minuman paling sehat dan paling dibutuhkan oleh tubuh dibandingkan dengan minuman manis.

 

  • Batasi screen time anak

Anak yang menghabiskan lebih banyak waktu dengan tidur-tiduran dan nonton televisi atau bermain game cenderung kurang aktif dalam bergerak. Alhasil bukan persoalan obesitas saja yang menjadi masalah, namun kondisi kesehatan mentalnya pun berisiko terganggu.

Matikan televisi ketika anak sedang makan, dan biarkan ia fokus pada makanannya. Batasi pula jadwal menonton televisi atau bermain game sehingga anak memiliki waktu untuk tetap aktif bergerak.

 

  • Tidur yang cukup

Tidur yang cukup dapat membantu mencegah diabetes tipe 2, obesitas, menurunkan risiko cedera, meningkatkan kesehatan mental dan fokus serta konsentrasi. Anak-anak berusia 6-12 tahun membutuhkan sekitar 9-12 jam tidur di malam hari, sedangkan remaja berusia 13-18 tahun membutuhkan sekitar 8-10 jam tidur di malam hari.

Anak-anak yang menghabiskan waktu dengan nonton televisi atau bermain game hingga larut atau dini hari cenderung makan dalam porsi berlebihan dan kurang aktif yang tentunya meningkatkan risiko obesitas dan risiko penyakit lain.

Untuk mendukung kualitas tidurnya, pastikan tidak ada gadget di dalam kamarnya yang masih menyala. Jauhkan ponsel atau tablet yang dimiliki anak-anak dan buat agar ruangan kamar nyaman untuk tidur.

Jika saat ini Anda memiliki kekhawatiran akan pola hidup anak dan berat badan berlebih yang dimilikinya, Anda bisa membicarakan dengan dokter terkait dengan tumbuh kembang dan risiko obesitas yang mungkin mengancam. Tidak semua anak yang mengalami obesitas harus menjalani pengobatan dan pembedahan,  mungkin cukup dengan mengubah pola makan dan kebiasaan hidup sehat saja.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 07:07

Mayo Clinic (2020). Childhood obesity. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-obesity/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354833

New York State Gov. Preventing Childhood Obesity: Tips for Parents. Available from: https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/nutrition/resources/obparnts.htm

CDC (2021). Preventing Childhood Obesity: 5 Things You Can Do at Home. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/features/childhood-obesity/index.html

Healthline (2022). Childhood Obesity. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/childhood-obesity

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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