Mengenal Perbedaan Temper Tantrum dan Autistic Meltdown

Mengenal Perbedaan Temper Tantrum dan Autistic Meltdown

Bagikan :


Banyak orang tua salah mengenali dan menganggap temper tantrum dan meltdown adalah hal yang sama, kenyataannya dua hal tersebut berbeda. Yuk kita bahas satu per satu.

 

Temper Tantrum

Temper tantrum adalah perilaku yang tidak menyenangkan dan menganggu atau ledakan emosi yang sering terjadi sebagai respon terhadap kebutuhan atau keinginan yang tidak terpenuhi. Tantrum ini seringkali dialami anak-anak ketika tidak dapat mengekspresikan kebutuhan atau mengendalikan emosi ketika mereka frustasi.

Menurut Cleveland Clinic, temper tantrum adalah bagian dari perkembangan anak-anak yang umumnya dialami anak-anak di usia 1-4 tahun. Temper tantrum biasanya bertahan dalam waktu 2-15 menit. Anak akan kembali tenang setelah mengalami tantrum.

Temper tantrum dapat dipicu oleh beragam hal, antara lain:

  • Frustasi
  • Ingin mendapatkan perhatian
  • Menginginkan sesuatu (seperti mainan, atau perlakukan tertentu)
  • Menghindari melakukan sesuatu (misalnya cuci tangan, gosok gigi, atau meninggalkan toko mainan)
  • Lapar
  • Kelelahan

Temper tantrum kerap ditandai dengan:

  • Merengek, menangis dan berteriak
  • Menendang, memukul atau mencubit
  • Memukul lengan dan kaki
  • Menahan napas
  • Menegangkan tubuh atau melemaskan tubuh

Hampir semua anak mengalami temper tantrum, dokter menyarankan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut apabila tantrum tak kunjung mereda di usia 4 tahun atau saat mulai usia sekolah, anak cenderung menahan napas hingga pingsan, atau gejala tantrum memburuk dan terjadi lebih dari 2 kali dalam seminggu.

 

Autistic Meltdown

Autistic meltdown adalah sesuatu yang lebih besar dan sulit diatasi ketimbang temper tantrum. Jika temper tantrum umumnya dipicu hal tertentu seperti rasa lapar, kelelahan atau menginginkan sesuatu, autistic meltdown lebih kompleks dan tak dapat diprediksi.

Meltdown, seperti dilansir Autism.org adalah respon intens terhadap situasi yang luar biasa, yang terjadi ketika seseorang benar-benar kewalahan oleh situasi mereka dan membuat mereka sementara kehilangan kendali atas perilaku mereka. Kehilangan kendali dapat diekspresikan secara verbal seperti berteriak, menjerit atau menangis atau secara fisik, misalnya dengan menendang, memukul, menggigit atau kombinasi keduanya.

Meltdown tidak bisa disamakan dengan temper tantrum dan bukanlah perilaku yang buruk atau nakal. Meltdown merujuk pada kondisi sulit untuk mengungkapkan dan dimengerti, yang umumnya dialami oleh anak-anak dengan spektrum autisme.

Secara spesifik, seperti dilansir Very Well Health, autistic meltdown memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut:

  • Meltdown bisa dialami segala usia - berbeda dengan temper tantrum yang biasa dialami anak usia 1-4 tahun, meltdown dapat dialami anak-anak, remaja, bahkan orang dewasa dengan spektrum autisme.
  • Meltdown diawali dengan gejala stres - umumnya, meltdown diawali dengan gejala stres seperti bergumam, menggosok-gosokkan tangan pada telinga.
  • Meltdown disertai tanda-tanda kecemasan, seperti bergoyang, mondar-mandir, menjentikkan jari
  • Meltdown tidak memiliki tujuan spesifik seperti temper tantrum, meltdown lebih seperti luapan emosi yang tulus yang diungkapkan lewat menangis, berteriak
  • Ketika anak atau remaja mengalami meltdown, mereka cenderung melakukan sesuatu tanpa memikirkannya terlebih dahulu. Mereka dapat memukul, menghancurkan barang, melempar barang yang dapat membahayakan diri mereka. Untuk mengatasinya, Anda disarankan untuk menjaga ruang agar tidak dipenuhi banyak barang dan menciptakan suasana damai sehingga anak dapat melakukan meltdown dengan aman.

Berbeda dengan temper tantrum yang akan mereda dalam hitungan menit, meltdown cenderung membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama, bisa berjam-jam atau lebih. Anak akan merasa kehabisan energi setelah mengalami meltdown dan membutuhkan waktu untuk beristirahat. Terkadang pelukan erat akan membantu untuk menurunkan tekanan atau stres yang dirasakan, sehingga pendampingan orang tua akan tetap diperlukan untuk menenangkannya.

Apabila Anda mengalami kesulitan penanganan terhadap temper tantrum atau autistic meltdown, Anda bisa mencari bantuan baik psikolog maupun psikiater.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

ana

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 14:09

Lisa Jo Rudy (2021). How Autistic Meltdowns Differ From Ordinary Temper Tantrums. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-an-autistic-meltdown-260154

Dyan Robson and Next Comes L (2018). The Difference Between A Tantrum And An Autistic Meltdown. Available from: https://www.cbc.ca/parents/learning/view/meltdowns-vs-tantrums-whats-the-difference

Autism.org (2020). Meltdowns - a guide for all audiences. Available from: https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/topics/behaviour/meltdowns/all-audiences

Medline Plus (2022). Temper tantrums. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001922.htm

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Temper Tantrums. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/14406-temper-tantrums

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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
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        Backtrace
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        Backtrace
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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