Ketahui Perbedaan Nulipara, Multipara dan Primipara

Ketahui Perbedaan Nulipara, Multipara dan Primipara
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Anda mungkin pernah mendengar kata nulipara ketika melihat suatu jurnal medis atau mendengar tenaga medis menggunakan istilah ini. Istilah nulipara digunakan untuk menggambarkan wanita yang belum pernah melahirkan bayi yang hidup. Pada prakteknya, istilah nulipara disandingkan dengan multipara dan primipara.

Apa perbedaan dari ketiga istilah medis ini? Ketahui apa perbedaannya dalam ulasan berikut.

 

Apa Itu Nulipara?

Seperti disebutkan secara singkat di atas, nulipara adalah istilah medis yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan seorang wanita yang belum pernah melahirkan bayi hidup. Berarti, istilah ini berlaku bagi wanita yang belum pernah melahirkan, serta bagi wanita yang sudah hamil namun mengalami komplikasi dalam kehamilannya. Wanita yang mengalami keguguran saat usia janin di bawah 20 minggu, atau melahirkan janin yang meninggal setelah usianya 20 minggu juga dianggap sebagai wanita nulipara.

Nulipara bukan kondisi kesehatan atau diagnosis problem kesehatan tertentu. Istilah ini hanya digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan riwayat kehamilan dan persalinan seorang wanita.

Baca Juga: Selain Kehamilan, Ini yang Bisa Menyebabkan Sering Terlambat Haid

 

Apa Itu Multipara?

Istilah multipara tidak secara mutlak berlawanan dari nulipara. Multipara menggambarkan kondisi seorang wanita sebagai berikut:

  • Memiliki lebih dari satu bayi dalam satu kelahiran dalam satu waktu, seperti bayi kembar.
  • Memiliki satu, dua atau lebih persalinan dengan bayi yang hidup.
  • Hamil dan melahirkan setidaknya satu bayi yang mencapai usia kehamilan 28 minggu atau lebih.

Apa Itu Primipara?

Istilah primipara digunakan untuk menggambarkan seorang wanita yang melahirkan satu bayi hidup. Istilah ini juga digunakan untuk menggambarkan wanita yang sedang mengalami kehamilan pertamanya. Namun, bila kehamilan pertamanya mengalami komplikasi dan janin yang dikandung meninggal, wanita tersebut dianggap sebagai wanita nulipara.

 

Kondisi Kesehatan yang Perlu Diwaspadai Nulipara

Menjadi seorang nulipara meningkatkan risiko kesehatan tertentu, di antaranya:

Risiko kanker payudara

Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seorang wanita dengan status nulipara memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terhadap kanker payudara. Melahirkan dan menyusui dikatakan dapat menurunkan risiko kanker payudara, khususnya wanita yang melahirkan di usia sebelum 30 tahun. Namun begitu, semua wanita bisa mengalami kanker payudara, Anda bisa melakukan skrining secara rutin untuk mengetahui lebih dini bila Anda berisiko mengalami kanker payudara.

Baca Juga: Tanda Fisik yang Terlihat Jika Mengalami Kanker Payudara

Risiko preeklamsia selama kehamilan

Wanita nulipara yang berusia 20-24 tahun bisa mengalami peningkatan risiko preeklamsia saat kehamilan berikutnya. Dengan preeklamsia, maka wanita hamil bisa mengalami tekanan darah tinggi dan ditemukan protein yang tinggi di urine. Kondisi ini bisa berdampak pada berbagai organ. Risiko komplikasi ini juga ditemukan pada wanita berusia 40-49 tahun yang sudah mengalami persalinan.

Preeklamsia biasanya dimulai pada usia kehamilan di atas 20 minggu. Tanpa pengobatan dan pengawasan, preeklamsia bisa berakhir serius maupun fatal, yang menyebabkan komplikasi pada ibu dan janin bahkan kematian.

 

Persalinan yang berisiko

Studi menemukan bahwa persalinan pada wanita nulipara mungkin memakan waktu yang lebih lama dibandingkan wanita dengan multipara. Untuk bisa mencapai pembukaan 10 cm, bisa dibutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama hingga 120-140 menit pada wanita nulipara dibandingkan wanita multipara. Bahkan jika pembukaan tidak kunjung sempurna, persalinan caesar mungkin dibutuhkan.

 

Wanita nulipara sebaiknya lebih memperhatikan kondisi kesehatan, khususnya terkait dengan kesuburan dan kehamilan. Periksakan diri dan diskusikan dengan dokter bagaimana memiliki kehamilan yang sehat hingga persalinan yang sukses.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:43

Jessica Jondle (2020). What Are the Health Risks for Nulliparous Women?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/nulliparous.

Jamie Eske (2020). Nulliparous: Meaning, effects, and causes. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nulliparous.

Tracee Cornforth (2020). Health Risks for Nulliparous Women. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/nulliparous-women-3522717.

Medline Plus (2020). Abortion - medical. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007382.htm.

Mayo Clinic (2022). Preeclampsia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/preeclampsia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355745.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.15msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8279 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8279
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3469 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3469
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.25msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7258 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7258
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • 0: 10068
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10005
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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