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Terlanjur Piara Kucing Saat Sedang Hamil, Ini Cara Mencegah Infeksi Toksoplasmosis

Terlanjur Piara Kucing Saat Sedang Hamil, Ini Cara Mencegah Infeksi Toksoplasmosis
Credits: Freepik

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Infeksi toksoplasmosis adalah ancaman berbahaya bagi ibu hamil, dapat membawa dampak serius bagi janin yang sedang tumbuh dan berkembang di dalam kandungan. Penyakit yang memiliki gejala awal mirip dengan flu ini disebabkan oleh parasit yang disebut Toxoplasma gondii, salah satu jenis parasit umum yang dapat ditemukan di seluruh dunia.

Parasit ini dapat ditemukan dalam daging mentah dan kurang matang, buah dan sayuran yang tidak dicuci, air yang terkontaminasi, debu, tanah, kotak kotoran kucing yang kotor, dan tempat terbuka dengan kotoran kucing.

 

Mengapa Kucing Berperan Penting dalam Penyebaran Toksoplasmosis?

Seperti disebutkan di atas, infeksi toksoplasmosis bisa ditemukan pada banyak hal, namun kucing adalah salah satu kunci penting  dalam penyebaran infeksinya. Kucing dapat terinfeksi toksoplasma dengan memakan hewan kecil, burung, hewan pengerat atau daging mentah yang terkontaminasi. 

Setelah kucing terinfeksi, ia akan melepaskan parasit hingga dua minggu. Parasit menjadi infeksius selama 1-5 hari setelah dikeluarkan melalui kotoran kucing. Namun, parasit ini bisa bertahan berbulan-bulan dan mencemari tanah, air, buah-buahan, sayuran, kotak pasir, atau tempat lainnya di mana kucing yang terinfeksi tersebut membuang kotorannya.

Wanita hamil bisa terinfeksi bila tidak sengaja menyentuh kotoran kucing saat berkebun atau membersihkan kotak kotoran kucing, dan lalu makan tanpa cuci tangan terlebih dahulu. Anda juga bisa terinfeksi bila memakan daging mentah, tidak matang atau makanan lain yang terkontaminasi. Parasit lalu bisa masuk ke aliran darah dan plasenta, membuat janin di kandungan ikut terinfeksi.

 

Baca di sini: Toksoplasmosis Kongenital - Definisi, Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko.

 

Apa Bahayanya Bila Terinfeksi?

Orang-orang yang terinfeksi terkadang tidak menyadari bahwa mereka sudah terinfeksi, karena mereka tidak merasakan keluhan apapun. Namun begitu, gejala yang bisa timbul dari toksoplasmosis di antaranya:

  • Sakit kepala
  • Demam
  • Perasaan tidak enak badan (malaise)
  • Nyeri otot
  • Kaku leher
  • Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening
  • Peradangan pada paru, otot jantung, atau mata

Ketika infeksi ini ditularkan pada janin, maka toksoplasmosis dapat menyebabkan keguguran. Selain itu bila bayi lahir, mereka bisa mengalami gangguan pendengaran, masalah penglihatan, disabilitas mental dan kejang di kemudian hari. 

 

Cara Mencegah Infeksi Toksoplasmosis Saat Memelihara Kucing

Cara terbaik untuk terhindar dari toksoplasma adalah dengan tidak memelihara kucing, menghindari makan makanan mentah atau setengah matang, dan menjalani kebiasan hidup sehat. Namun bagaimana bila sudah terlanjur memelihara kucing dan Anda sangat menyayangi kucing piaraan tersebut?

CDC memberikan beberapa panduan penting untuk mencegah penularan toksoplasmosis ketika memelihara kucing di rumah, di antaranya:

  • Berikan makanan kering atau makanan kaleng, jangan pernah beri daging matang pada kucing.
  • Jangan pernah memberi kucing makanan mentah yang berisiko menjadi sumber infeksi toksoplasma
  • Pastikan kucing tidak keluar rumah dan hanya bermain di dalam rumah sehingga terhindar dari risiko infeksi dari kucing lain
  • Ganti pasir kucing setiap hari dengan menggunakan sarung tangan bekas pakai, dan cuci tangan dengan sabun sampai bersih setelahnya. Jika memungkinkan, minta orang lain yang melakukannya.
  • Tutup kotak pasir kucing saat tidak digunakan agar tidak ada kucing lain yang buang air besar di sana.
  • Hindari mengadopsi kucing liar terutama anak kucing yang berpotensi melepaskan parasit di dalam kotorannya.
  • Jangan makan daging setengah matang atau mentah, pastikan untuk memasak daging hingga matang.
  • Cuci perlengkapan dapur yang pernah berkontak dengan daging mentah menggunakan sabun dan air bersih.

 

Risiko terinfeksi toksoplasmosis memang lebih tinggi ketika Anda masih memelihara kucing di rumah. Anda bisa mempertimbangkan untuk menitipkannya di tempat penitipan hewan atau memperketat kebersihan di rumah. Pastikan juga untuk melakukan pemeriksaan rutin apabila Anda berencana hamil atau sedang hamil, untuk mendeteksi toksoplasmosis sejak dini agar bisa segera diobati.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 00:43

USFDA (2018). Toxoplasma Prevention Before You Become Pregnant from Food Safety for Moms to Be. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/toxoplasma-prevention-you-become-pregnant-food-safety-moms-be.

Mayo Clinic (2020). Toxoplasmosis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249.

Better Health Channel. Toxoplasmosis. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/toxoplasmosis.

CDC (2021). Toxoplasmosis: An Important Message for Cat Owners. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/toxoplasmosis_catowners.html.

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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