Bagaimana Anak bisa Mengalami Osteoporosis, Ini Penyebabnya

Bagaimana Anak bisa Mengalami Osteoporosis, Ini Penyebabnya
Credits: Pexels. Anak-anak juga dapat mengalami osteoporosis.

Bagikan :


Sama seperti sel-sel di dalam tubuh lainnya, sel-sel di dalam tulang juga secara teratur melakukan pembaruan. Ketika sel-sel yang baru diproduksi, maka sel-sel lama akan dihancurkan.

Di usia muda, produksi sel-sel baru ini berlangsung cepat. Namun, setelah awal usia 20-an, proses ini akan melambat. Sebagian besar orang mencapai puncak massa tulang di usia 30 tahun. Setelah usia 30 tahun, massa tulang akan menurun secara bertahap.

 

Apa itu Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis adalah kondisi di mana tulang menjadi lemah dan sangat rapuh, terkadang saking rapuhnya ketika terjatuh atau mengalami tekanan ringan seperti membungkuk atau batuk dapat menyebabkan patah tulang. Orang dengan osteoporosis seringkali mengalami fraktur (patah tulang) di pinggul, pergelangan tangan dan tulang belakang.

Normalnya, sel-sel yang baru akan diproduksi menggantikan tulang yang lama. Pada osteoporosis, pembentukan tulang baru sangat lambat.

 

Osteoporosis pada Anak-Anak

Osteoporosis dapat dialami oleh pria maupun wanita, dan sangat umum dialami orang dewasa tua. Seiring bertambahnya usia, setiap orang memang berisiko mengalami osteoporosis. Tetapi, tahukah Anda bahwa anak-anak juga dapat mengalami osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis pada anak-anak dan remaja memang cukup jarang terjadi. Osteoporosis pada anak-anak dan remaja adalah jenis kelainan tulang langka yang ditandai dengan penipisan tulang di masa kanak-kanak.

Osteoporosis pada anak-anak dikategorikan menjadi dua, yaitu:

  • Osteoporosis Primer

Osteoporosis primer adalah osteoporosis yang terjadi tanpa dipicu oleh kondisi kesehatan lainnya. Osteoporosis primer seringkali tidak diketahui dengan jelas penyebabnya, yang dihasilkan dari cacat tulang intrinsik dan mungkin bersifat genetik.

Osteogenesis imperfekta adalah bentuk paling umum osteoporosis primer yang disebabkan oleh kelainan genetik, di mana perubahan genetik menyebabkan kurangnya kolagen. Perubahan ini kemudian menyebabkan tulang yang terbentuk menjadi tidak normal dan rentan patah.

  • Osteoporosis Sekunder 

Sedangkan osteoporosis sekunder adalah osteoporosis yang disebabkan oleh kondisi kesehatan lainnya, di antaranya:

    • Diabetes
    • Radang sendi
    • Hipertiroidisme
    • Hiperparatiroidisme
    • Sindrom Cushing
    • Sindrom malabsorpsi
    • Anoreksia nervosa
    • Masalah nutrisi
    • Penyakit ginjal
    • Fibrosis kistik
    • Anemia sel sabit
    • Sindrom Turner
    • Leukemia

Selain itu, cerebral palsy, distrofi muskular, dan juga cedera tulang belakang juga seringkali dikaitkan dengan osteoporosis pada anak-anak.

 

Waspada Gejala Osteoporosis pada Anak-Anak

Gejala osteoporosis pada anak-anak mungkin akan berbeda-beda, tergantung jenis dan penyebabnya. Beberapa gejala bahkan baru bisa diketahui saat dokter melakukan pemeriksaan rontgen.

Beberapa gejala osteoporosis ditunjukkan dengan tanda berikut:

  • Rasa sakit di pinggang, punggung bagian bawah dan pergelangan kaki
  • Kesulitan berjalan
  • Punggung bungkuk atau disebut kifosis
  • Dada cekung
  • Kehilangan tinggi badan

Anak-anak dengan osteoporosis harus mendapatkan pengobatan yang tepat, karena osteoporosis menyebabkan kelemahan tulang dan meningkatkan risiko patah tulang serta mengganggu pertumbuhan. Apabila tidak mendapatkan pengobatan yang tepat, maka berisiko menyebabkan kecacatan permanen pada tubuh.

Meskipun demikian, mendiagnosis osteoporosis pada anak-anak sangat sulit dan kompleks. Dibutuhkan pemindaian kepadatan tulang untuk mendeteksi dan menegakkan diagnosis yang tepat.

Segera periksakan anak ke dokter apabila tiba-tiba mengalami penurunan tinggi badan, mengalami kelemahan tubuh, kesulitan bergerak dan berjalan serta mengalami keluhan sakit di pergelangan kaki atau punggung bagian bawah.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 22:34

Rachel Ann Tee-Melegrito (2022). What to know about osteoporosis in children. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/osteoporosis-in-children

Mayo Clinic (2021). Osteoporosis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351968

NHS UK (2019). Osteoporosis. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/osteoporosis/causes/

 

Better Health. Osteoporosis in children. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/osteoporosis-in-children

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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