Perbedaan antara Kemoterapi dan Radioterapi

Perbedaan antara Kemoterapi dan Radioterapi

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Radioterapi dan kemoterapi adalah beberapa jenis terapi yang biasa diberikan bagi para pengidap kanker. Baik radioterapi dan kemoterapi sama-sama bertujuan untuk mengobati kanker, menyusutkan ukuran tumor dan menghentikan penyebarannya serta meredakan gejala kanker stadium lanjut.

Pada beberapa kasus, dokter dapat merekomendasikan kombinasi pengobatan kemoterapi, radioterapi dan operasi pengangkatan kanker secara bersamaan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal. Lantas, apa perbedaan antara radioterapi dan kemoterapi?

 

Perbedaan antara radioterapi dan kemoterapi

Radioterapi dan kemoterapi merupakan jenis terapi yang paling banyak digunakan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan kanker. Meskipun sama-sama bertujuan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker, namun sebenarnya radioterapi dan kemoterapi memiliki perbedaan mendasar dari segi obat-obatan yang digunakan dan cara pemberian obat. Untuk lebih jelasnya, berikut ini perbedaan antara radioterapi dan kemoterapi:

1. Radioterapi

  • Definisi

Radioterapi adalah terapi menggunakan radiasi sinar-X dosis tinggi yang diarahkan tepat menuju sel kanker. DNA sel kanker yang terpapar radiasi akan rusak sehingga sel kanker tidak mampu membelah diri dan akhirnya akan mengecil dan mati. Dengan begitu, pertumbuhan sel kanker akan terhambat.

Radioterapi adalah terapi yang bersifat lokal, yaitu hanya diarahkan terbatas di daerah tubuh tertentu yang memiliki sel kanker saja. Pada proses radioterapi, sel normal di sekitar sel kanker dapat ikut rusak karena terpapar radiasi. Namun kerusakan tersebut tidak bersifat permanen sehingga setelah rangkaian radioterapi berakhir maka sel yang rusak akan pulih kembali.

  • Cara pemberian

Radioterapi dapat diberikan dalam dua cara, yaitu radiasi eksternal dan radiasi internal (brachytherapy). Radiasi eksternal menggunakan mesin yang menargetkan sinar radiasi langsung ke sel kanker, sedangkan radiasi internal dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan implan yang mengandung radioaktif di area sel kanker. Selain menggunakan implan, radioterapi juga dapat dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan cairan radioaktif atau diberikan secara oral. 

  • Efek samping

Efek samping radioterapi tergantung pada bagian tubuh yang mendapatkan terapi, dosis yang digunakan dan obat-obatan lain yang digunakan saat melakukan radioterapi. Namun karena radioterapi bersifat lokal dan tidak merusak sel sehat di sekitar sel kanker, efek samping radioterapi sering dianggap lebih ringan. Beberapa efek samping radioterapi antara lain mual dan muntah, perubahan warna kulit, rambut rontok, badan terasa lelah dan muncul gangguan kesehatan mulut.

2. Kemoterapi

  • Definisi

Kemoterapi adalah pengobatan kanker menggunakan obat-obatan yang bertugas menyerang sel kanker sehingga sel kanker gagal membelah diri. Berbeda dengan radioterapi yang bersifat lokal, obat-obatan dalam kemoterapi bersifat sistemik (mengalir ke seluruh aliran darah). Karena itu kemoterapi kerap digunakan dalam terapi pasca prosedur operasi untuk membunuh sel kanker secara keseluruhan, tidak hanya sel yang berada di lokasi primer.

  • Cara pemberian

Pemberian kemoterapi dapat dilakukan dalam tiga cara yaitu secara oral melalui obat minum, melalui pembuluh darah (intravena atau infus) dan melalui injeksi ke kulit atau otot.

  • Efek samping

Efek samping kemoterapi tergantung pada jenis dan dosis obat yang digunakan. Karena kemoterapi bersifat sistemik, maka efek sampingnya dapat dirasakan di seluruh tubuh. Beberapa efek samping akibat kemoterapi antara lain mual dan muntah, mudah mengalami infeksi dan perdarahan, diare, rambut rontok, nyeri di beberapa bagian tubuh dan anemia.

 

Terapi apa yang Anda butuhkan?

Untuk menentukan jenis terapi yang dibutuhkan, dokter akan memeriksa gejala yang muncul, jenis kanker, lokasi dan stadium kanker, serta kondisi fisik pasien. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan tersebut dokter akan merekomendasikan rangkaian perawatan untuk melawan sel kanker.

Dokter dapat memadukan radioterapi dan kemoterapi beserta jenis terapi lainnya. Umumnya kemoterapi dan radioterapi dipilih untuk mengatasi sel kanker yang sulit diangkat dengan metode operasi dan sudah menyebar ke beberapa bagian tubuh serta tidak merespon jenis terapi lainnya.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 07:28

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Sweeney, M. (2020). Chemotherapy vs. Radiation: How Do They Differ?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/radiation-vs-chemo#key-differences

National Cancer Institute. Radiation Therapy to Treat Cancer. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy

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WebMD. (2021). Chemotherapy: How It Works and How You’ll Feel. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/cancer/chemotherapy-what-to-expect

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.63msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6255 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1564 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1564
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new840μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.32msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6552 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6552
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9252 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2627
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.33msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9888 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9888
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.03msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6354 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6354
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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