Neuropati

Neuropati

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Definisi

Neuropati adalah kondisi yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan pada saraf perifer, yaitu saraf-saraf yang tidak berada pada otak atau sumsum tulang belakang. Neuropati umumnya ditandai dengan kelemahan, rasa baal, nyeri yang terjadi pada tangan atau kaki. Neuropati juga dapat mengganggu fungsi tubuh lainnya, seperti pencernaan, sirkulasi darah, dan sistem berkemih.

Sistem saraf manusia dibagi menjadi sistem saraf perifer dan sistem saraf pusat. Sistem saraf pusat terdiri atas otak dan sumsum tulang belakang. Sistem saraf perifer menyampaikan informasi dari otak dan sumsum tulang belakang ke seluruh organ tubuh. Neuropati dapat disebabkan oleh cedera, infeksi, masalah metabolik, keturunan, dan paparan terhadap toksin. Namun, penyebab paling sering dari neuropati adalah diabetes. Gejala awal dari neuropati adalah sensasi seperti tertusuk-tusuk, terbakar, dan kesemutan. Pada berbagai kondisi, gejala dapat membaik seiring dengan teratasinya penyebab.

 

Penyebab

Neuropati dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa kondisi, antara lain:

  • Diabetes merupakan penyebab utama dari neuropati. Lebih dari setengah penderita diabetes akan mengalami neuropati
  • Penyakit autoimun, seperti artritis, sindrom Sjogren, sindrom Guillain-Barre, vaskulitis, dan penyakit autoimun lainnya
  • Infeksi seperti infeksi virus Epstein-barr, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, lepra, difteri, HIV, dan lain-lain
  • Kondisi keturunan seperti Charcot-Marie-Tooth
  • Tumor. Pertumbuhan jaringan, baik ganas (kanker) atau jinak dapat menekan saraf. Penekanan pada saraf ini dapat mengganggu fungsi saraf tersebut sehingga mengganggu fungsinya secara langsung atau tidak langsung (melalui proses peradangan)
  • Konsumsi alkohol dapat menyebabkan penurunan kadar vitamin tertentu yang menyebabkan neuropati
  • Paparan zat toksik seperti zat kimia industrial dan logam berat seperti merkuri dapat menyebabkan neuropati
  • Tekanan pada saraf yang disebabkan oleh cedera, kecelakaan lalu lintas, kecelakaan olahraga, atau mengetik terlalu lama dapat menyebabkan neuropati
  • Defisiensi vitamin B dan E

 

Faktor Risiko

Faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko mengalami neuropati, antara lain:

  • Memiliki riwayat diabetes
  • Mengonsumsi alkohol
  • Kekurangan vitamin, terutama vitamin B
  • Mengalami infeksi
  • Mengalami penyakit autoimun
  • Memiliki gangguan ginjal, tiroid, dan hepar
  • Paparan terhadap zat toksik
  • Riwayat keluarga dengan neuropati

 

Gejala

Setiap saraf pada sistem saraf perifer manusia memiliki fungsi tertentu, sehingga gejala yang dialami akan bergantung terhadap fungsi saraf apa yang terganggu. Saraf dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi:

  • Saraf sensorik, untuk menerima sensasi seperti temperatur, nyeri, getaran, sentuhan pada kulit
  • Saraf motorik, untuk mengontrol gerakan
  • Saraf otonom, untuk mengatur fungsi tubuh seperti tekanan darah, denyut nadi, pencernaan, dan sistem perkemihan

Gejala dari neuropati antara lain:

  • Rasa baal, tertusuk-tusuk, atau kesemutan pada tangan atau kaki yang dapat menjalar ke tungkai atau lengan
  • Rasa tajam, tertusuk, atau terbakar
  • Sensitif terhadap sentuhan
  • Nyeri ketika melakukan sesuatu yang tidak seharusnya menyebabkan nyeri
  • Kelemahan pada otot
  • Seperti menggunakan ‘sarung tangan’ dan ‘kaus kaki’
  • Tidak dapat menggerakkan tangan atau kaki

Jika saraf otonom terlibat, tanda dan gejala yang dapat terjadi antara lain:

  • Tidak tahan panas
  • Keringat berlebih pada suatu lokasi atau tidak berkeringat sama sekali
  • Masalah pencernaan dan perkemihan
  • Penurunan tekanan darah yang menyebabkan pusing

Neuropati dapat menyerang satu saraf (mononeuropati) atau banyak saraf (polineuropati). Umumnya penderita neuropati mengalami polineuropati.

 

Diagnosis

Neuropati dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai hal, oleh karena itu dokter Anda akan melakukan beberapa pemeriksaan untuk dapat menemukan sumber penyebabnya, antara lain:

  • Anamnesis. Dokter Anda akan bertanya mengenai keluhan Anda, obat apa yang telah Anda konsumsi untuk mengatasi keluhan, dan kondisi medis lain yang Anda alami
  • Pemeriksaan neurologis. Dokter Anda akan melakukan pemeriksaan neurologis/saraf seperti refleks, kekuatan otot, tonus otot, dan sensasi tertentu seperti perabaan atau temperatur serta koordinasi.
  • Pemeriksaan tambahan dapat dilakukan sesuai indikasi. Pemeriksaan tersebut antara lain:
    • Darah lengkap untuk memeriksa adanya kekurangan vitamin, diabetes, fungsi sistem imun yang tidak normal, dan kondisi lain yang dapat menyebabkan neuropati
    • Pemeriksaan radiologis untuk mencari herniasi diskus (HNP) atau adanya saraf terjepit
    • Fungsi saraf diperiksa dengan menggunakan elektromiografi (EMG) 
    • Biopsi saraf atau kulit dapat dilakukan jika dokter Anda mencurigai berkurangnya jumlah saraf pada area tertentu

 

Tata Laksana

Terapi Medis

Pengobatan neuropati akan bergantung terhadap penyebabnya atau komplikasi yang telah ditimbulkan.  Beberapa obat-obatan dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi gejala neuropati, namun tidak sepenuhnya mengobati penyebab dasar dari neuropati. Obat-obatan seperti pereda nyeri (analgesik) yang dijual bebas, obat saraf (gabapentin atau pregabalin), dan obat luar dapat membantu meredakan nyeri.

Terapi atau prosedur tertentu yang dapat membantu meredakan gejala neuropati antara lain adalah transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), terapi fisik untuk mengatasi kelemahan otot, dan operasi jika terdapat suatu kelainan yang menekan atau menjepit saraf seperti tumor.

 

Perawatan Diri di Rumah

  • Merawat kaki Anda, terutama jika Anda mengalami diabetes. Periksa kaki Anda setiap hari untuk melihat adanya kapalan atau luka yang tidak Anda sadari. Gunakan kaos kaki yang lembut dan dapat melindungi kaki Anda. Bersihkan kaki Anda setiap hari.
  • Olahraga. Lakukan olahraga secara teratur, seperti berjalan kaki tiga kali seminggu dapat menurunkan nyeri yang disebabkan oleh neuropati, menguatkan otot Anda, dan dapat mengontrol gula darah.
  • Berhenti merokok. Merokok dapat mengganggu sirkulasi dan meningkatkan risiko untuk mengalami kerusakan saraf.
  • Konsumsi makanan yang sehat. Nutrisi yang baik sangat penting untuk menjaga kesehatan saraf Anda. Konsumsi buah-buahan, sayuran, dan biji-bijian dapat membantu Anda memenuhi kebutuhan mineral dan vitamin harian.
  • Kurangi konsumsi alkohol.
  • Pantau gula darah Anda secara berkala. Jika Anda mengalami diabetes, kontrol gula darah yang baik dapat mencegah dan memperbaiki gejala neuropati

 

Komplikasi

Komplikasi yang dapat terjadi antara lain:

  • Infeksi pada kaki. Kaki dan daerah lain yang kurang sensitif terhadap sensasi merupakan lokasi yang mudah mengalami luka tanpa diketahui. Luka yang tidak dirawat dapat menyebabkan infeksi baik lokal maupun sistemik. Jika terlalu berat, infeksi pada kaki dapat menyebabkan amputasi.
  • Jatuh. Kelemahan otot dan berkurangnya sensasi pada telapak kaki dapat meningkatkan risiko jatuh dan gangguan keseimbangan.

 

Pencegahan

Beberapa kebiasaan yang dapat membantu menjaga kesehatan saraf Anda, antara lain:

  • Kelola kondisi medis yang Anda alami. Pencegahan neuropati dapat dilakukan dengan mengontrol gula darah jika Anda mengalami diabetes, menghindari konsumsi alkohol, dan mengonsumsi obat secara teratur jika Anda mengalami kondisi autoimun seperti rematik (rheumatoid arthritis)
  • Hidup sehat dengan melibatkan buah, sayur, biji-bijian, dan sumber protein (telur, ikan, daging, susu rendah lemak) untuk menjaga kesehatan saraf Anda. Lakukan latihan fisik secara rutin setidaknya 30 menit sehari 3 kali seminggu. Hindari hal-hal yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan saraf, seperti gerakan berulang, posisi yang kurang baik, paparan terhadap zat kimia berbahaya, merokok, dan konsumsi alkohol berlebih.

 

Kapan Harus Ke Dokter?

Segera periksakan diri ke fasilitas kesehatan terdekat jika Anda mengalami kelemahan atau nyeri pada tangan atau kaki. Diagnosis dan tata laksana dini dapat membantu Anda mengontrol penyakit dasar yang menyebabkan neuropati tersebut. Hal ini dapat membantu mencegah perburukan lebih lanjut dari neuropati.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Tannia Sembiring S Ked
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Rabu, 28 Agustus 2024 | 06:33

Hammi C, Yeung B. Neuropathy. [Updated 2021 Aug 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542220

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2021). Peripheral neuropathy. MayoClinic. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352061

Ekabe, C. J., Kehbila, J., Abanda, M. H., Kadia, B. M., Sama, C. B., & Monekosso, G. L. (2017). Vitamin B12 deficiency neuropathy; a rare diagnosis in young adults: a case report. BMC research notes, 10(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2393-3

Robinson J. (2020). Understanding Peripheral Neuropathy–the basics. WebMD. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/brain/understanding-peripheral-neuropathy-basics

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      Hints
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      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new118msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 05:14:24' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 05:14:24
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new19.83msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 855 where `id` = 2088
      Bindings
      • 0: 855
      • 1: 2088
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new7.98msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 2088, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 05:14:24', '2025-04-06 05:14:24')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 2088
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 05:14:24
      • 8: 2025-04-06 05:14:24
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new980μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 26 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 26
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.56msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6674 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6674
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.02msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9828 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9828
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.69msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9592 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9592
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.57msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8193 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8193
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.43msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7575 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7575
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.31msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9576 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9576
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.63msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1604 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1604
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.43msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2085 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2085
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5156 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5156
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.42msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1996 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1996
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.54msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3123 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3123
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3633 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3633
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new690μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new680μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new890μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    148Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        Yq1SdHiLcer3kY4GgMrlVpjy0ozqEs9OXBXoMzE7
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/neuropati-4" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/neuropati-4
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:19 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-real-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "13.59.18.177" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "13.59.18.177" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-scheme" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "ai-care.atmatech.id" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
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