Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Myeloma
Kenali tanda dan gejala multiple myeloma.

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Definisi

Multiple myeloma adalah kanker darah yang langka, di mana jenis kanker ini memengaruhi sejenis sel darah putih yang disebut sel plasma. Sel plasma atau yang terkadang disebut sebagai sel B, adalah bagian dari kekebalan tubuh yang membuat antibodi atau imunoglobulin. Antibodi ini membantu tubuh Anda untuk mengenali kuman dan melawan infeksi.

Pada multiple myeloma, sel plasma yang sehat berubah menjadi abnormal dan ganas, kemudian menumpuk di sumsum tulang dan mengeluarkan sel darah yang sehat. Alih-alih menghasilkan antibodi yang bermanfaat, sel-sel kanker ini menghasilkan protein abnormal yang dapat menyebabkan komplikasi. Perubahan ini akan menimbulkan masalah kesehatan yang bisa memengaruhi ginjal dan kemampuan tubuh untuk membuat sel darah putih, sel darah merah, serta keping darah yang sehat.

Multiple myeloma adalah penyakit yang jarang ditemukan, mempengaruhi sekitar 7 dari 100.000 orang setiap tahun. Diperkirakan ada sekitar 10% kasus multiple myeloma dari seluruh kanker darah.

 

Penyebab

Masih belum diketahui secara pasti apa penyebab dari munculnya multiple myeloma. Hal yang diketahui saat ini adalah myeloma dimulai dari satu sel plasma yang abnormal di sumsum tulang. Normalnya, sel yang sehat memiliki masa hidup dan kematian yang jelas. Namun pada sel kanker, sel tidak mati seperti sel normal dan terus berkembang. Akhirnya, sel abnormal tersebut kemudian menjadi banyak dengan cepat dan membuat produksi sel sehat di sumsum tulang berkurang.

Sel darah putih yang sehat bisa menghasilkan antibodi untuk melawan infeksi. Pada sel yang sudah menjadi kanker, antibodi yang dihasilkan tidak dapat digunakan. Akibatnya, antibodi-antibodi abnormal tersebut menumpuk di tubuh dan bisa menyebabkan gangguan, seperti kerusakan pada ginjal atau peningkatan risiko masalah tulang.

Diduga terjadi mutasi genetik yang membuat sel darah berubah abnormal, atau ada sel yang mendorong munculnya keganasan. Peneliti juga menemukan bahwa sebagian besar penderita multiple myeloma tidak memiliki semua bagian dari kromosom tertentu. Selain itu, masih diteliti juga bila ada faktor lingkungan tertentu (paparan radiasi atau bahan kimia) yang mendorong kemunculan multiple myeloma.

 

Faktor Risiko

Faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko multiple myeloma antara lain adalah:

  • Bertambahnya usia bisa meningkatkan risiko penyakit ini, dengan kebanyakan pasien didiagnosis pada usia pertengahan 60 tahun.
  • Pria lebih mungkin untuk terkena penyakit ini daripada wanita.
  • Orang kulit hitam lebih mungkin mengalami multiple myeloma daripada ras lain.
  • Adanya anggota keluarga seperti saudara kandung atau orang tua yang menderita multiple myeloma bisa meningkatkan risiko Anda untuk mengalami penyakit serupa.
  • Bekerja pada bidang pertanian yang sering terpapar pestisida, benzena atau pelarut organik.
  • Memiliki penyakit peradangan kronis atau infeksi yang menyerang sumsum tulang.
  • Riwayat pribadi mengalami penyakit gammopati monoklonal dengan signifikansi yang belum ditentukan (MGUS), suatu kondisi yang ditandai dengan protein abnormal (protein M) pada sumsum tulang.

 

Gejala

Multiple myeloma bisa menyebabkan gejala yang bervariasi, tetapi nyeri tulang seringkali menjadi gejala pertama yang terlihat dari multiple myeloma. Di bawah ini adalah keluhan-keluhan lain yang bisa muncul pada multiple myeloma, yaitu:

  • Kelemahan dan/atau sensasi mati rasa pada anggota gerak tubuh.
  • Nyeri pada tulang.
  • Tulang bisa mudah patah atau tulang belakang terkompresi.
  • Kelelahan dan kelemahan sebagai tanda anemia (kekurangan sel darah merah) sehingga sulit beraktivitas.
  • Mual, muntah, sembelit atau demam.
  • Tidak nafsu makan dan/atau merasa lebih haus dari biasanya.
  • Penurunan berat badan secara drastis yang tidak dapat dijelaskan penyebabnya.
  • Mudah memar atau berdarah.
  • Merasa bingung atau pikiran "berkabut".
  • Mudah mengalami infeksi.
  • Gangguan saraf atau ginjal.

 

Diagnosis

Dokter akan menanyakan keluhan-keluhan pasien, sudah berapa lama keluhan tersebut berlangsung, seperti apa riwayat penyakit dan kesehatan dari dirinya dan keluarga, serta pengobatan yang sudah dijalani. Selanjutnya dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik meliputi pemeriksaan tanda vital seperti tekanan darah, laju napas, nadi, dan suhu tubuh. Kemudian dokter akan memeriksa kondisi ujung kepala hingga ujung kaki anda.

Pemeriksaan penunjang dapat dilakukan jika dokter mencurigai bahwa kondisi Anda disebabkan oleh suatu penyakit yang memerlukan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut. Seringkali multiple myeloma terdeteksi secara tidak sengaja dari hasil pemeriksaan penunjang. Pemeriksaan yang mungkin dilakukan antara lain adalah:

  • Kadar sel darah
  • kadar kalsium
  • Kadar asam urat
  • Fungsi ginjal
  • Analisis urine untuk mencari protein tertentu
  • X-ray
  • MRI
  • CT scan
  • PET scan

 

Tata Laksana

Jika Anda mengalami gejala, pengobatan dapat membantu meredakan nyeri, mengontrol komplikasi penyakit, menstabilkan kondisi Anda, dan memperlambat perkembangan multiple myeloma. Beberapa perawatan yang dapat diberikan oleh penyedia layanan kesehatan jika Anda memiliki penyakit ini meliputi:

  • Obat antinyeri untuk meredakan keluhan nyeri tulang yang signifikan.
  • Antibiotik bisa diberikan pada pasien yang menjadi sering mengalami infeksi bakteri, akibat kekebalan tubuhnya yang menjadi lemah.
  • Obat steroid dosis tinggi untuk mengurangi peradangan dan membantu melawan sel kanker.
  • Kemoterapi dan terapi radiasi untuk membantu membunuh sel kanker serta mengurangi jumlah sel plasma abnormal.
  • Imunoterapi, perawatan yang merangsang sistem kekebalan Anda sehingga mengembangkan lebih banyak sel untuk melawan kanker.

Selain pengobatan di atas, ada juga pengobatan transplantasi sel induk. Sel induk adalah sel khusus di sumsum tulang yang dapat membantu menghasilkan sel plasma baru yang sehat. Perawatan ini akan menggantikan sel punca yang rusak atau tidak sehat dengan sel punca yang sehat dari tubuh Anda. 

 

Komplikasi

Multiple myeloma dapat menyebabkan sejumlah komplikasi, dan Anda mungkin akan memerlukan pengobatan untuk kondisi yang diakibatkan oleh komplikasi tersebut. Beberapa komplikasi dari multiple myeloma antara lain:

  • Kerusakan ginjal yang parah dan mungkin memerlukan cuci darah.
  • Pengeroposan tulang.
  • Anemia terus-menerus.
  • Neuropati atau kerusakan saraf perifer, bisa membuat Anda mengalami gangguan sensasi pada anggota gerak.

 

Pencegahan

Pada multiple myeloma, beberapa kasus diketahui berkaitan dengan faktor risiko yang dapat dihindari. Saat ini penelitian sedang menyelidiki apakah mengobati multiple myeloma yang berisiko tinggi dapat mencegah penyakit berubah menjadi multiple myeloma aktif.

Namun sebagaimana mestinya, disarankan untuk selalu menjaga pola hidup dengan melakukan gaya hidup sehat seperti:

  • Makan makanan bergizi seimbang.
  • Mengurangi asupan makanan yang mengandung zat karsinogenik (zat yang dapat memicu pertumbuhan sel kanker).
  • Mencukupi kebutuhan cairan dengan minum air putih yang rutin minimal 1 hingga 2 liter per hari bila tidak menderita kontra indikasi seperti penyakit jantung.
  • Berolahraga yang rutin minimal 2 kali seminggu dengan durasi 30 menit per sesi olahraga.
  • Mencukupi kebutuhan tidur dengan tidur 7 hingga 8 jam per hari.
  • Menghindari stres.
  • Melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan setiap tahun bila memungkinkan.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Segeralah periksa ke dokter umum terdekat bila Anda memiliki faktor risiko dari multiple myeloma serta mengalami tanda dan gejala dari multiple myeloma.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Lovira Ai Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 19 Juni 2024 | 07:00

Cleveland Clinic - Multiple Myeloma (2022). Retrieved 20 March 2023, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/6178-multiple-myeloma.

Mayo Clinic - Multiple myeloma (2022). Retrieved 20 March 2023, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353383.

Medscape - Multiple Myeloma (2023). Retrieved 20 March 2023, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204369-overview.

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      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new108msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 17:13:49' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 17:13:49
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new7.41msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 886 where `id` = 6761
      Bindings
      • 0: 886
      • 1: 6761
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new6.1msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 6761, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 17:13:49', '2025-04-06 17:13:49')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 6761
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 17:13:49
      • 8: 2025-04-06 17:13:49
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new820μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 44 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 44
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1965 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1965
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6933 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6933
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10057 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10057
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8631 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8631
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6642 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6642
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.58msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6965 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6965
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.66msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3289 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3289
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2142 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2142
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4469 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4469
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4524 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4524
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.67msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2805 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2805
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3145 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3145
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new570μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new490μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new680μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    144Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    22Category.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        RsuYBxIP9if1LXwfur9NME3UDvjY9Yubiq9I2NxR
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/multiple-myeloma" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/multiple-myeloma
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:19 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-real-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.144.155.16" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.144.155.16" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-scheme" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "ai-care.atmatech.id" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
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