Gemcitabine

Gemcitabine
Gemcitabine tidak boleh diberikan pada ibu hamil dan menyusui.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Gapoly, Getanosan, Gemsitabin Hidroklorida, Gemtero.

 

Cara Kerja

Gemcitabine adalah obat kemoterapi yang bisa dikombinasikan dengan jenis obat kemoterapi lain sebagai pengobatan beberapa jenis kanker tertentu. Obat ini bekerja dengan menghambat pembentukan DNA. Gemcitabine adalah antimetabolit yang akan meniru molekul yang dibutuhkan sel kanker untuk dapat bereplikasi (memperbanyak diri). Ketika sel kanker menggunakan antimetabolit untuk proses replikasi ini, sel kanker tidak dapat membelah secara normal, sehingga sel kanker akan mati.

 

Indikasi

  • Gemcitabine digunakan bersama obat carboplatin untuk terapi kanker ovarium (indung telur) yang muncul kembali (relaps) paling tidak 6 bulan setelah kemoterapi dengan obat yang mengandung platinum.
  • Gemcitabine digunakan bersama paclitaxel sebagai pengobatan kanker payudara yang sudah menyebar ke bagian tubuh lain (metastasis).
  • Penggunaan bersama cisplatin menjadi salah satu indikasi pengobatan pertama pada pasien dengan kanker paru jenis non-small cell stadium lanjut atau yang sudah menyebar ke organ lain.
  • Sebagai pengobatan pertama pada pasien dengan kanker pankreas stadium lanjut atau stadium akhir.

 

Kontraindikasi

Gemcitabine tidak boleh diberikan pada pasien dengan:

  • Hipersensitivitas terhadap obat ini
  • Wanita hamil
  • Ibu menyusui

 

Efek Samping

Karena mekanisme kerjanya, obat-obatan kemoterapi juga dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan sel tubuh normal, termasuk sel-sel darah. Pasien perlu diperiksa darahnya terlebih dahulu sebelum memulai terapi, karena bisa ditemukan kondisi berikut setelah pemberian obat, yaitu:

  • Neutropenia (kadar sel darah putih neutrofil rendah di tubuh).
  • Anemia (kadar sel darah merah rendah di tubuh).
  • Trombositopenia (kadar trombosit rendah di tubuh).

Efek samping serius lain yang dapat terjadi adalah:

  • Capillary leak syndrome, yaitu kondisi kebocoran cairan darah (plasma) dari pembuluh darah, sehingga dapat menyebabkan penurunan tekanan darah dan kegagalan organ.
  • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), yang ditandai dengan:
    • Nyeri kepala
    • Kejang
    • Lemas
    • Hipertensi
    • Kebingungan
    • Gangguan saraf lainnya

Efek samping lain yang dapat terjadi adalah:

  • Gangguan pada paru dan saluran napas, yang ditandai dengan sesak napas yang tidak diketahui penyebabnya.
  • Gangguan pada hatI atau ginjal.
  • Gejala mirip flu, seperti demam, menggigil dan pilek.
  • Mual dan muntah.
  • Infeksi.
  • Rambut rontok.

 

Sediaan

Obat suntik dalam bentuk serbuk injeksi 200 mg/vial.

 

Dosis

Obat ini diberikan melalui infus pembuluh darah selama 30 menit dalam siklus pengobatan 21 atau 28 hari. Dosis disesuaikan berdasarkan luas permukaan tubuh dan jenis kanker pasien, dengan jumlah dosis sebesar 1.000 mg/m2 atau 1.250 mg/m2 luas tubuh.

 

Keamanan

Berdasarkan data penelitian pada hewan dan mekanisme kerjanya, gemcitabine dapat menganggu pertumbuhan janin jika diberikan pada wanita hamil, sehingga obat ini tidak boleh diberikan selama kehamilan. Wanita pada usia subur dan laki-laki yang mendapat obat ini dianjurkan untuk menggunakan kontrasepsi saat berhubungan seksual selama pengobatan hingga 6 bulan sejak mendapat dosis terakhir.

Karena adanya potensi efek samping yang berbahaya pada bayi yang menyusui, ibu juga tidak boleh menyusui selama pengobatan hingga paling tidak seminggu setelah dosis terakhir.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada paru jika digunakan bersama obat kanker bleomycin.
  • Penggunaan bersama warfarin dapat meningkatkan efek pengencer darah dari warfarin.
  • Pemberian vaksin demam kuning/yellow fever atau vaksin hidup lainnya dapat meningkatkan risiko timbulnya penyakit yang dicegah vaksin tersebut.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Arifin Muhammad Siregar
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 09:08

MIMS Indonesia. (2022). Gemcitabine: Indication, Dosage, Side Effect, Precaution. Retrieved 1 October 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/gemcitabine?mtype=generic

Pusat Informasi Obat Nasional. (2022). Gemcitabine. Retrieved 1 October 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/obat/gemcitabine

Pusat Informasi Obat Nasional. (2022). 8.1.3 Antimetabolit | PIO Nas. Retrieved 1 October 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/ioni/bab-8-keganasan-dan-imunosupresi/81-keganasan/813-antimetabolit.

Medicines.org.uk. (2022). Gemcitabine 1 g Powder for Solution for Infusion - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc). Retrieved 1 October 2022, from https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/2490/smpc#gref.

MedlinePlus, H. (2022). Gemcitabine Injection: MedlinePlus. Retrieved 1 October 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696019.html#:~:text=Gemcitabine%20is%20also%20used%20to,cancer%20cells%20in%20your%20body.

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.26msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1381 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4622 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4622
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8763 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8763
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1127 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1127
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new740μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.42msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4915 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 4469
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 4524
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2805 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2805
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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