Doxorubicin

Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin tersedia dalam bentuk sediaan obat suntik.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Adriamycin, Adricin, Caelyx, Carcinocin, Doxorubin, Doxotil, Napradox, Rbidox, Sandobicin.

 

Cara Kerja

Doxorubicin adalah obat antrasiklin dan antineoplastik, yaitu kelas obat yang digunakan sebagai kemoterapi dalam kanker yang diperoleh dari bakteri Streptomyces peucetius. Cara kerja pastinya masih belum diketahui, namun diduga obat ini memperlambat pembentukan materi genetik DNA dan RNA. Doxorubicin juga mencegah perbanyakan DNA sehingga menghambat pembentukan protein sel kanker. Doxorubicn umumnya dikombinasikan dengan obat kemoterapi lain.

 

Indikasi

Doxorubicin biasanya digunakan dalam pengobatan:

  • Tumor padat ganas (solid tumor) pada orang dewasa dan lansia.
  • Kanker pada jaringan lunak, tulang (sarcoma), payudara, rahim, kandung kemih, dan kelenjar tiroid.
  • Leukimia limfoblastik akut, salah satu jenis kanker ganas sumsum tulang.
  • Limfoma hodgkin, jenis kanker yang memengaruhi sistem aliran getah bening.
  • Kanker paru sel kecil.

 

Kontraindikasi

  • Ibu menyusui.
  • Memiliki riwayat alergi berat atau hipersensitivitas pada doxorubicin atau obat lain dari golongan antrasiklin (epirubicin, idarubicin, dll.).
  • Tidak boleh dikombinasikan dengan terapi oksigen hiperbarik (terapi menghirup 100% oksigen pada ruangan khusus).
  • Memiliki kondisi medis tertentu seperti:
    • Gangguan jantung, seperti baru saja terkena serangan jantung atau memiliki aritmia berat (irama jantung yang tidak teratur).
    • Ada tanda-tanda gangguan hati lanjut (contohnya kadar bilirubin >5 mg/dL).

 

Efek Samping

Doxorubicin bisa menimbulkan beberapa efek samping umum seperti:

  • Kelelahan.
  • Demam.
  • Sakit kepala.
  • Rambut rontok hingga botak (alopecia).
  • Mual atau muntah.
  • Kehilangan selera makan.

Selain itu walaupun jarang terjadi, doxorubicin juga dikaitkan dengan efek toksisitas jantung. Hal ini membuat pemakaian obat ini dalam jangka panjang menjadi terbatas.

Perlu penanganan medis segera bila pasien merasakan gejala seperti berikut ini:

  • Denyut jantung terasa cepat atau tidak teratur.
  • Dehidrasi.
  • Nyeri dada.
  • Reaksi alergi berat (ruam kulit di seluruh tubuh, bengkak pada bibir atau area mata, sesak napas).
  • Penurunan kesadaran.

 

Sediaan

Doxorubicin tersedia dalam bentuk:

  • Sediaan cairan obat suntik 2 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL dan 50 mg/mL.
  • Serbuk obat suntik dalam vial 10 mg, 50 mg.

 

Dosis

Doxorubicin diberikan melalui pembuluh darah vena dalam interval 21 hari. Obat ini disuntikkan secara cepat (sekitar 15-20 menit). Dosis obat ini beragam tergantung penyakit tumor yang diderita dan usia pasien. Umumnya, obat diberikan sekitar 60–75 mg/m2, walaupun dosis bisa disesuaikan dengan melihat respon pasien terhadap doxorubicin.

 

Keamanan

Doxorubicin tergolong obat keras, di mana pemakaian obatnya wajib menggunakan resep dokter. Penggunaan Doxorubicin termasuk ke dalam kategori D dalam kehamilan. Hal ini menandakan bahwa obat ini bisa menimbulkan risiko pada janin, sehingga hanya diberikan pada ibu hamil bila manfaat obat dianggap lebih besar dari potensi terjadinya risiko. 

Namun umumnya penggunaan doxorubicin terutama pada trimester pertama kehamilan dihindari. Doxorubicin juga tidak disarankan untuk diberikan pada ibu menyusui karena kadar obat dan metabolitnya dapat terserap ke dalam ASI.

 

Interaksi Obat

Doxorubicin bisa berinteraksi dengan beberapa obat lain dan menimbulkan efek seperti berikut:

  • Kadar doxorubicin dalam darah bisa menurun bila diberikan bersama:
    • Obat kejang karbamazepin, fenobarbital, fentoin 
    • Anti peradangan golongan steroid dexametason
    • Obat terapi infeksi HIV saquinavir, nelfinavir, indinavir 
  • Kadar doxorubicin dalam darah meningkat bila diberikan bersama:
    • Kemoterapi paclitaxel 
    • Antijamur itrakonazol atau ketokonazol
    • Antiaritmia kuinidin
    • Obat penurun tekanan darah tinggi verapamil
  • Peningkatan risiko terjadinya beberapa kondisi medis seperti:
    • Risiko terjadinya peradangan kandung kemih bisa meningkat bila digunakan bersama obat kemoterapi siklofosfamid.
    • Risiko terjadinya kerusakan hati bisa meningkat bila digunakan bersama obat kanker merkaptopurin.
    • Risiko terjadinya kerusakan otot jantung bisa meningkat bila digunakan bersama obat kanker trastuzumab.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Kevin Luke
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 03:05

Doxorubicin. (2022). Retrieved 12 August 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/doxorubicin?mtype=generic

Doxorubicin. (2022). Retrieved 12 August 2022, from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Doxorubicin

Doxorubicin. (2022). Retrieved 12 August 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459232/

Doksorubisin. (2022). Retrieved 12 August 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/doksorubisin

Doxorubicin. (2020). Retrived 12 August 2022, from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/cancer-drugs/drugs/doxorubicin

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1034 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2005 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2005
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5111
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7069 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7069
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8561
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
      • 0: 4524
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2962
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6761
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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