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  • Ini Bahaya yang Mengancam Bila Gemar Makan Daging Mentah

Ini Bahaya yang Mengancam Bila Gemar Makan Daging Mentah

Ini Bahaya yang Mengancam Bila Gemar Makan Daging Mentah
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Mengonsumsi daging mentah adalah salah satu praktik yang umum dilakukan di dunia kuliner seluruh dunia. Meskipun praktik ini telah dilakukan sejak lama, faktanya masalah keamanan dan gangguan kesehatan seharusnya lebih dipertimbangkan sebelum melakukannya.

Menurut CDC, mengonsumsi daging mentah dari hewan seringkali terkait dengan problem keracunan makanan. Daging mentah berisiko membawa kuman berbahaya yang membuat Anda sakit jika memakannya. Makanan mentah, terutama yang berasal dari hewan sangat mungkin terkontaminasi kuman, khususnya daging merah, unggas mentah, daging merah atau unggas kurang matang, telur setengah matang, kerang mentah, dan lain sebagainya.

 

Jenis Daging Mentah yang Populer di Dunia

Dilansir Healthline, berikut adalah beberapa contoh praktik daging mentah yang populer menjadi santapan di dunia, termasuk di restoran berbintang.

  • Steak tartare - jenis steak daging sapi mentah cincang yang dicampur dengan kuning telur, bawang, dan rempah-rempah
  • Carpaccio - hidangan ala Italia yang terbuat dari daging sapi atau ikan mentah yang diiris tipis
  • Pittsburgh rare steak - steak yang telah dibakar di luar dan dibiarkan mentah di dalam, yang juga dikenal dengan istilah "black and blue steak"
  • Mett - hidangan asal Jerman yang terbuat dari daging babi cincang mentah yang dibumbui dengan garam, merica dan bawang putih serta jintan
  • Torisashi - hidangan Jepang berupa potongan ayam tipis yang dimasak sebentar di luar dan mentah di dalam

 

Risiko Makan Daging Mentah

Risiko terbesar makan daging mentah adalah tertular penyakit bawaan dari hewan dan keracunan. Makanan mentah berisiko terkontaminasi bakteri, virus, parasit dan racun. Kontaminasi ini dapat terjadi selama proses penyembelihan hewan, yang tidak sengaja terpapar kuman, dan patogen berpotensi mengontaminasi daging yang akan dimakan.

Patogen umum yang dapat ditemukan di dalam daging mentah antara lain:

 

  • Salmonella

Infeksi Salmonella atau dikenal dengan istilah salmonellosis, merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri yang umum memengaruhi saluran usus. Bakteri ini biasanya hidup di usus hewan dan manusia dan akan dikeluarkan melalui tinja. Manusia dapat terinfeksi bakteri ini apabila mengonsumsi makanan atau minuman yang terkontaminasi, terutama daging mentah atau setengah matang.

Gejala dari infeksi salmonella bisa muncul dari 6 jam hingga 6 hari setelah infeksi, yang kerap disertai dengan gejala sebagai berikut: 

  • Diare
  • Kram perut
  • Demam
  • Mual
  • Muntah
  • Menggigil
  • Sakit kepala
  • Adanya darah di dalam tinja

Sebagian besar orang tidak membutuhkan bantuan medis dengan kondisi ini, karena gejala akan membaik dalam beberapa hari. Namun bila demam tidak kunjung turun, mual dan diare semakin parah, ada darah saat Anda muntah atau buang air besar, serta muncul tanda dehidrasi maka sebaiknya periksakan diri ke dokter.

 

  • Clostridium perfringens

Bakteri Clostridium perfringens adalah salah satu penyebab paling umum keracunan makanan. Menurut CDC, bakteri ini menyebabkan hampir 1 juta penyakit di Amerika Serikat setiap tahunnya. Bakteri ini biasanya ditemukan pada daging mentah, daging unggas mentah, di usus hewan dan di lingkungan tempat tinggal hewan.

Bakteri ini mampu membentuk spora yang sekaligus dapat melindungi bakteri, sehingga bakteri mampu bertahan hidup di kondisi tertentu. Ketika Anda tidak sengaja menelan bakteri ini, maka bakteri akan menghasilkan racun yang dapat menyebabkan diare dan kram perut. 

 

  • E. coli

Escherichia coli adalah bakteri yang biasanya ditemukan di usus manusia dan hewan yang berdarah panas. Sebagian besar strain bakteri ini tidak berbahaya, namun beberapa jenis lainnya dapat menghasilkan racun yang menyebabkan keracunan makanan.

Gejala penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri ini termasuk kram perut, diare dan beberapa kasus diare dapat berkembang menjadi diare berdarah (kolitis hemoragik). Demam dan muntah juga dapat terjadi sepanjang infeksi. Infeksi bakteri ini juga dapat menyebabkan kondisi yang mengancam jiwa pada beberapa orang yang berisiko, seperti lansia atau anak-anak, misalnya seperti sindrom hemolitik uremik, yang ditandai dengan gagal ginjal akut, anemia hemolitik dan kadar trombosit rendah.

 

  • Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes merupakan spesies bakteri patogen yang dapat ditemukan di lingkungan lembap, tanah, air, vegetasi dan hewan yang membusuk. Bakteri ini dapat bertahan hidup bahkan di bawah pendingin atau proses pengawetan makanan lainnya.

Ketika Anda tidak sengaja menelannya, bakteri ini akan menyebabkan penyakit yang disebut listeriosis. Gejala infeksinya bisa berlangsung beberapa hari hingga beberapa minggu, termasuk demam, nyeri otot, mual, muntah dan diare. Saat infeksinya memburuk, gejalanya dapat berkembang menjadi sakit kepala, leher kaku, kebingungan, kehilangan keseimbangan dan kejang.

 

  • Campylobacter

Seseorang bisa terinfeksi Campylobacter dengan makan unggas mentah atau setengah matang. Gejala infeksinya meliputi diare, demam, kram kram perut. Mual dan muntah dapat menyertai demam, di mana gejalanya biasanya dirasakan selama 2-5 hari dan akan sembuh dengan sendirinya dalam waktu satu minggu.

 

Meskipun beberapa orang mengklaim bahwa makan daging mentah lebih sehat dan bergizi dibandingkan yang sudah dimasak, namun mengonsumsi daging mentah tetap berisiko menyebabkan penyakit lain yang bisa berbahaya. Untuk itu sebaiknya tetap masak daging mentah hingga matang agar tubuh tetap sehat dan terhindari dari ancaman infeksi bakteri.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 02:11

Preiato, D. (2020). Is It Safe to Eat Raw Meat?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/eating-raw-meat

CDC (2022). Foods That Can Cause Food Poisoning. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/foods-linked-illness.html

Mayo Clinic (2022). Salmonella infection. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355335

CDC (2021). Prevent Illness From C. perfringens. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/diseases/clostridium-perfringens.html

WHO (2018). E. coli. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/e-coli

US FDA (2019). Listeria (Listeriosis). Available from: https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/listeria-listeriosis

CDC (2019). Campylobacter (Campylobacteriosis). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/campylobacter/symptoms.html

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3616 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.21msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8343 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8343
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6115 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6115
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.29msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 125 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 125
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new740μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 5
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5267 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5267
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.38msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1531 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1531
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9751 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9751
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9877
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9539
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.29msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7920 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7920
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8945 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8945
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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