Ethambutol

Ethambutol
Ethambutol adalah salah satu obat yang dipakai dalam pengobatan penyakit tuberkulosis (TB).

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Arsitam, Bacbutinh, Bacbutol, Corsabutol, Emkapulmo, Erabutol Plus, Etibi, Kalbutol, Lilung, Metham, Niazitol, Panduan OAT Kategori 1, Panduan OAT Kategori 2, Panduan OAT Sisipan, Primbutol, Pro Tb4, Pulna, Pulna Forte, Restibi ZE, Rifastar, Rimstar 4-FDC, Santibi, TB-2, TB-Scan, Tibigon, Tibiq 1, Tibiq 3, Tibitol.

 

Cara Kerja

Ethambutol adalah salah satu obat yang dipakai dalam pengobatan penyakit tuberkulosis (TB). Obat ini bekerja dengan cara menghambat pertumbuhan dan penyebaran kuman penyebab penyakit TB, yaitu Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Di dalam tubuh, obat ini didistribusikan secara luas ke dalam cairan dan jaringan tubuh, sehingga obat ini efektif untuk pengobatan TB paru maupun TB ekstra paru (contohnya TB tulang atau TB usus).

Bila ethambutol dipakai sendiri bisa dengan cepat menyebabkan kuman penyebab TB resisten terhadap obat, sehingga obat menjadi tidak efektif dalam melawan kuman TB. Untuk menghindari terjadinya hal ini, ethambutol diberikan bersama obat-obatan TB lainnya, yaitu rifampicin, isoniazid dan pyrazinamide.

Jika Anda tertarik untuk membaca lebih lanjut mengenai artikel tuberkulosis, Anda bisa membacanya di sini: TB Paru - Definisi, Penyebab, dan Faktor Risiko.

 

Indikasi

Ethambutol digunakan sebagai pengobatan pasien dengan penyakit TB, baik yang belum pernah menerima pengobatan TB maupun yang telah mendapat pengobatan TB sebelumnya.

Selain itu obat ini juga digunakan sebagai pencegahan penyakit TB pada anak-anak berikut:

  • Anak yang berusia di bawah lima tahun.
  • Anak dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang lemah (anak dengan HIV, kanker, gizi buruk) dan berkontak erat dengan pasien TB resisten obat.

Jika Anda tertarik untuk membaca lebih lanjut mengenai artikel TB resisten obat, Anda bisa membacanya di sini: Multidrug Resistant TB - Definisi, Penyebab, dan Faktor Risiko

 

Kontraindikasi

Obat ini tidak boleh diberikan pada pasien dengan kondisi berikut:

  • Hipersensitif terhadap obat ini.
  • Neuritis optik, suatu gangguan penglihatan akibat peradangan pada saraf mata.
  • Memiliki kondisi yang menyebabkan pasien tidak mampu melaporkan gangguan penglihatan, seperti kehilangan kesadaran.

 

Efek Samping

Ethambutol dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada persarafan mata. Gangguan penglihatan ini terjadi pada sekitar 1% pasien yang mengonsumsi ethambutol dan kebanyakan terjadi 2 bulan setelah pengobatan dimulai. Gangguan yang terjadi dapat berupa:

  • Penurunan ketajaman penglihatan kedua mata yang tidak nyeri.
  • Buta warna.
  • Kebutaan juga bisa terjadi.

Umumnya gangguan penglihatan ini dapat kembali lagi dan membaik seperti sedia kala, namun terdapat beberapa kasus yang melaporkan kebutaan permanen. Oleh karena itu, bila Anda mengalami penurunan kemampuan penglihatan setelah mengonsumsi obat ini, segera konsultasikan hal ini dengan dokter.

Selain itu, efek samping lain yang dapat terjadi antara lain:

  • Rasa kebas dan kesemutan di kaki atau tangan
  • Trombositopenia, jumlah trombosit atau keping darah lebih rendah dari normal.
  • Ruam pada kulit.
  • Mual, muntah serta rasa tidak nyaman di perut.

 

Sediaan

Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk tunggal maupun kombinasi dengan pengobatan TB lain dalam sediaan kombinasi dosis tetap (KDT).

  • Sebagai sediaan tunggal, obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk tablet 250 dan 500 mg.
  • Dalam setiap kaplet KDT pengobatan TB kategori 1, terdapat 275 mg ethambutol di dalamnya.

 

Dosis

Dewasa

  • 15 mg/kg sekali sehari untuk kasus TB baru.
  • Untuk pengobatan ulang, dosis dinaikkan menjadi 25 mg per kilogram berat badan pasien sehari sekali selama 60 hari, selanjutnya diturunkan menjadi 15 mg per kg berat pasien sekali sehari.

Anak-Anak

  • Untuk pengobatan kasus baru dan pengobatan ulang, dosis diberikan 25 mg per kilogram berat badan pasien sekali sehari selama 60 hari, selanjutnya 15 mg per kg berat pasien.
  • Dosis untuk pencegahan TB diberikan sebesar 15 mg per kg berat pasien.

 

Keamanan

Ethambutol tergolong sebagai obat kategori C dalam kehamilan. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan pada hewan uji coba, terlihat adanya risiko atau efek merugikan pada janin hewan tersebut. Namun belum ada data yang memadai dari penelitian yang dilakukan pada wanita hamil. Pemakaian obat perlu dikonsultasikan dengan dokter bila Anda sedang hamil.

 

Interaksi Obat

Penggunaan ethambutol bersama obat antasida (obat penyakit lambung) yang mengandung aluminium hydroxide dapat mengganggu penyerapan ethambutol.

Jika Anda tertarik untuk membaca lebih lanjut mengenai obat aluminium hydroxide, Anda bisa membacanya di sini: Aluminium Hidroksida - Cara Kerja, Indikasi, dan Kontraindikasi.

 

 

Writer : dr Arifin Muhammad Siregar
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:33

MIMS Indonesia. (2022). Ethambutol: Indication, Dosage, Side Effect, Precaution. Retrieved 6 September 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/ethambutol?mtype=generic#disclaimer.

Pusat Informasi Obat Nasional. (2022). ETAMBUTOL. Retrieved 6 September 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/etambutol.

European Medicines Agency. (2012). Assesment Report: Anti-tuberculosis medicinal products containing isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, rifabutin: posology in children. Retrieved 6 September 2022, from https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/referral/assessment-report-article-53-procedure-anti-tuberculosis-medicinal-products-containing-isoniazid_en.pdf.

Medicines.org. (2022). Ethambutol 400 mg Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc). Retrieved 6 September 2022, from https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/8557/smpc#gref.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan Kedokteran Tata Laksana Tuberkulosis [Ebook]. Jakarta. Retrieved from https://tbindonesia.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/UMUM_PNPK_revisi.pdf.

EyeWiki - American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2022). Ethambutol Optic Neuropathy. Retrieved 6 September 2022, from https://eyewiki.aao.org/Ethambutol_Optic_Neuropathy.

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  • errorlog[19:03:45] LOG.error: Error accessing doctor id: 63983202e088e5e18c0511d7 { "exception": "Undefi...
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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new730μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 45 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 45
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5985 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5985
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9605 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9605
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5502 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5502
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8720 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8720
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5555 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5555
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8719 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8719
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.4msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9969 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9969
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.15msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2838 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2838
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.56msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2840 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2840
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.32msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5051 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5051
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5878 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5878
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6054 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6054
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new800μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new660μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.01msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    215Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    24Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Healthpedia
    1Healthpedia.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
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        /healthpedia-obat/ethambutol
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        200
        
        status_text
        OK
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        html
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        text/html; charset=UTF-8
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        []
        
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "NRpQtytXSjHRejasCj1NYGWeLI50yQNdENIRq96D" "laravel_session" => "zWKtFkQ2HTIHb0cIJlO0P4Z4nTjJLngBYPuegk36" ]
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