Aluminium Hidroksida

Aluminium Hidroksida

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Brand/Nama Lain

Acitral, Aludonna, Gastrucid, Maag-Gel Promag, Sanmag

Cara Kerja

Aluminium hidroksida bekerja untuk mengurangi keasaman di area lambung sehingga diharapkan bisa meredakan gejala gangguan pencernaan.

Senyawa ini akan dipecah menjadi gugus hidroksida di lambung. Gugus hidroksida yang dibebaskan kemudian akan berikatan dengan proton bebas, kemudian menghasilkan air dan garam aluminium yang tidak larut di dalam lambung. Pengikatan proton berfungsi sehingga pH keseluruhan lambung meningkat dan membuat suasana lambung menjadi tidak terlalu asam.

Indikasi

Aluminium hidroksida digunakan untuk meredakan gejala heartburn (rasa terbakar di area dada) yang merupakan gejala dari refluks gastroesofageal atau GERD. Kondisi ini terjadi dimana asam lambung mengalir naik kembali menuju kerongkongan.

Kontraindikasi

Aluminium hidroksida tidak boleh diberikan untuk pasien dengan riwayat alergi terhadap obat tersebut. Pemberian berkepanjangan obat ini tidak diperbolehkan pada pasien dengan gangguan ginjal atau pasien yang menjalani cuci darah karena dapat memicu terjadinya efek samping obat. Aluminium hidroksida memiliki kemampuan untuk mengikat fosfat, oleh karena itu tidak boleh diberikan pada pasien dengan diare berat, karena pada pasien dengan ketidakseimbangan elektrolit hipofosfatemia (kekurangan zat elektrolit fosfat dalam tubuh) dapat menjadi lebih berat.

Efek Samping

Efek samping yang dapat terjadi karena pemberian obat ini yaitu:

  • Konstipasi (susah buang air besar)
  • Anemia
  • Penurunan nafsu makan

Sediaan

Tablet kunyah, suspensi

Dosis

  • Tablet: 1-2 tablet dikunyah 4 kali sehari dan sebelum tidur atau bila diperlukan
  • Suspensi: 1-2 sachet (7-14 mL), 3-4 kali sehari, anak > 8 tahun: ½ -1 sachet, 3-4 kali sehari

Keamanan

Penyakit Ginjal

Terdapat efek toksik aluminium hidroksida yang telah dilaporkan pada pasien dengan gangguan ginjal, yaitu:

  • Kejang
  • Osteomalasia, merupakan kelainan tulang yang menyebabkan tulang mudah patah
  • Ensefalopati atau kelainan pada struktur atau fungsi otak

Pasien harus ditanyakan tentang penyakit ginjal sebelum pemberian aluminium hidroksida, karena kondisi ini memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan penggunaan aluminium hidroksida sebagai pengikat fosfat pada pasien yang menjalani cuci darah.

Kehamilan

Pada pasien yang sedang hamil, obat ini diberikan jika pertimbangan manfaatnya lebih besar daripada risikonya pada janin. Kategori kehamilan Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Amerika Serikat belum secara resmi ditetapkan. Beberapa ahli menyatakan bahwa penggunaan aluminium hidroksida harus dihindari selama trimester pertama kehamilan dan pada wanita usia subur yang tidak menggunakan kontrasepsi. Pada pasien ibu menyusui, para peneliti berpendapat bahwa pemberian aluminium hidroksida dapat dipertimbangkan dengan pemantauan ketat terhadap bayi untuk melihat apakah terdapat efek samping.

Interaksi Obat

Bila aluminium hidroksida diberikan bersamaan obat-obat di bawah ini dapat menurunkan efektivitas obat, di antaranya: 

  1. Obat antibiotik florokuinolon (siprofloksasin), tetrasiklin, anti-tuberkulosis (etambutol, isoniazid)
  2. Obat antagonis H2 untuk meredakan asam lambung (simetidin, famotidin)
  3. Obat kortikosteroid yang digunakan untuk meredakan peradangan dan sistem imun yang bekerja berlebihan (dexametason, hidrokortison, metilprednisolon, prednison
  4. Obat benzodiazepin yang digunakan untuk menangani kejang, (clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam
  5. Obat terapi ansietas (alprazolam)
  6. Obat untuk menurunkan kadar asam urat (allopurinol) 
  7. Vitamin, dll.

Penurunan efektivitas obat-obat di atas dapat diatasi dengan cara diberikan 1 jam sebelum atau 2 jam setelah pemberian aluminium hidroksida. 

Writer : dr David Wiliam
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 15:58

Shon, N., Yarbrough, T., & Shah, A. (2021). Aluminum Hydroxide. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 20 January 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546669/.

Medlineplus. Aluminum Hydroxide: MedlinePlus Drug Information. Medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 20 January 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a699048.html.

ALUMINIUM HIDROKSIDA | PIO Nas. Pionas.pom.go.id. Retrieved 20 January 2022, from http://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/aluminium-hidroksida.

Aluminum hydroxide / magnesium hydroxide Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings. Drugs.com. Retrieved 20 January 2022, from https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/aluminum-hydroxide-magnesium-hydroxide.html.

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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.35msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7334 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7334
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 4881
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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