Cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide
Credit: Kalbemed. Gambaran sediaan Cyclophosphamide

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Brand/Nama Lain

Merek dagang dari obat ini adalah Cyclophosphamide, Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate, Cyclovid dan Edoxan.

 

Cara Kerja

Cyclophosphamide adalah obat antikanker. Mekanisme kerja obat ini yaitu dengan cara menghambat pembentukan DNA, pembelahan dan perbaikan DNA sel kanker. Sehingga sel kanker tidak dapat tumbuh dan memperbanyak diri. Selain itu, memiliki kemampuan menekan sistem kekebalan tubuh (imunosupresan) pada kondisi sistem kekebalan bekerja berlebihan dan menyerang tubuh sendiri.

 

Indikasi

Obat ini digunakan untuk pengobatan beberapa jenis kanker seperti di bawah ini:

  • Limfoma Hodgkin’s dan non-Hodgkin’s (kanker kelenjar getah bening)
  • Limfoma Burkitt’s (jenis limfoma non-Hodgkin's)
  • Leukimia akut atau kronik (kanker darah)
  • Neuroblastoma (kanker jaringan saraf)
  • Retinoblastoma (kanker lapisan dalam mata)
  • Kanker payudara
  • Kanker indung telur
  • Sindrom nefrotik (penyakit ginjal)

 

Kontraindikasi

Terdapat beberapa kondisi medis dan kelompok tertentu yang menjadi kontraindikasi pemberian obat ini yaitu:

  • Alergi (hipersensitivitas)
  • Mengalami infeksi akut
  • Gangguan pada fungsi sumsum tulang belakang
  • Sumbatan pada salurah kemih
  • Infeksi saluran kemih
  • Ibu hamil
  • Ibu menyusui

 

Efek Samping

Efek samping yang paling sering terjadi setelah menggunakan obat ini seperti di bawah ini:

  • Mual
  • Muntah
  • Penurunan nafsu makan
  • Diare
  • Nyeri perut
  • Nyeri punggung
  • Demam atau menggigil
  • Jadwal menstruasi tidak beraturan
  • Nyeri saat berkemih

Selain itu, terdapat efek samping yang dapat terjadi jika digunakan dengan dosis tinggi dan jangka waktu lama:

  • Terdapat darah di urine
  • Detak jantung yang cepat
  • Kesusahan bernapas
  • Bengkak pada kaki dan tungkai
  • Pusing dan kebingungan
  • Perdarahan atau lebam yang tidak wajar

 

Sediaan

Obat tersedia dalam bentuk tablet dan suntikan infus (200 mg, 1000 mg).

 

Dosis

Dosis obat bervariasi sesuai dengan tujuan pengobatan dan jenis sediaan seperti di bawah ini:

Untuk pengobatan kanker

  • Obat suntik, dosis dimulai dari dosis rendah yaitu 2-6 mg/kgBB setiap minggu dengan dosis tunggal. Dosis dapat ditingkatkan sesuai dengan kondisi pasien. Pemberian obat dengan cara suntik perlahan atau infus berkelanjutan.
  • Obat minum, dosis yang digunakan adalah dosis rendah 2-6 mg/kgBB perminggu yang dibagi menjadi beberapa dosis. Selain itu, dapat juga menggunakan dosis 100-300 mg perhari sekali minum atau dosis terbagi.

Untuk pengobatan sindrom nefrotik anak

  • Dosis obat 2 mg/kgbb satu kali sehari selama 8-12 minggu. Dengan maksimal dosis keseluruhan 168 mg/kgBB dan waktu maksimal pengobatan selama 90 hari.

 

Keamanan

Obat ini dalam kehamilan masuk kategori D. Artinya terdapat bukti bahwa obat ini menimbulkan dampak buruk pada janin manusia. Pada kondisi menyusui, obat ini dapat masuk ke dalam ASI. Oleh karena itu, pada ibu hamil dan menyusui cyclophosphamide tidak diberikan.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Penggunaan bersama obat penurun tekanan darah seperti captopril atau lisinopril dapat menyebabkan kelainan darah dan penekanan sistem kekebalan tubuh.
  • Menimbulkan kerusakan jantung jika digunakan dengan obat antikanker (cytarabine, tratuzumab dan pentostatin).
  • Interaksi dengan obat jantung (amiodaron) dapat meningkatkan risiko kerusakan paru.
  • Kerusakan ginjal meningkat jika digunakan bersama obat antijamur (amphotericin B) dan obat antiradang (indometacin).
  • Jika digunakan dengan obat penekan sistem kekebalan tubuh (azatioprin) dapat meningkakan terjadinya kerusakan hati.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 5 Juli 2022 | 05:49

Ogino, H., & Tadi, P. (2022). Cyclophospamide (p. A single page). StatPearls Publishing.

Cyclophosphamide – Mims Indonesia. (2022). Retrieved 25 June 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/cyclophosphamide?mtype=generic

Cyclophosphamide (Oral Route, Intraenouse Route) - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. (2021). Retrieved 25 June 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/cyclophosphamide-oral-route-intravenous-route/side-effects/drg-20063307

Cyclophosphamide-Uses, Side Effects and More – WebMD. (2022). Retrieved 25 June 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-6093/cyclophosphamide-oral/details

Cyclophosphamide – MedlinePlus. (2022). Retrieved 25 June 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682080.html

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5209 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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