Gefitinib

Gefitinib
Gefitinib tidak boleh diberikan pada ibu menyusui.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Gefitero, Iressa.

 

Cara Kerja

Gefitinib adalah obat antikanker yang digunakan dalam pengobatan salah satu jenis kanker paru. Obat ini termasuk ke dalam golongan penghambat enzim tirosin kinase. Berarti, gefitinib bekerja dengan cara menghambat suatu enzim secara spesifik yang dikenal sebagai tirosin kinase. Enzim tirosin kinase ditemukan pada permukaan sel-sel kanker.

Selain itu, gefitinib juga menghambat aktivitas suatu protein yang disebut reseptor faktor pertumbuhan epidermal (EGFR). Ada salah satu jenis kanker sel paru dengan EGFR yang sudah bermutasi. EGFR terlibat dalam pertumbuhan dan penyebaran sel-sel kanker, sehingga dengan menggunakan obat ini, pertumbuhan dan penyebaran sel kanker dapat diperlambat.

Hal ini juga yang menyebabkan gefitinib hanya efektif digunakan pada sel kanker paru yang memiliki mutasi pada protein EFGR.

 

Kami memiliki artikel mengenai kanker paru yang bisa Anda baca di sini: Kanker Paru - Definisi, Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko.

 

Indikasi

  • Kanker paru jenis non-small cell yang masih terlokalisir atau sudah menyebar ke bagian tubuh lain (metastasis) pada pasien yang mengalami mutasi protein EGFR.
  • Kanker paru non-small cell stadium lanjut yang masih terlokalisir ataupun sudah menyebar ke organ lain yang gagal diatasi, atau pasien tidak dapat menoleransi pengobatan kemoterapi sebelumnya.

 

Kontraindikasi

Gefitinib tidak boleh diberikan bila pasien tersebut:

  • Memiliki alergi atau hipersensitivitas terhadap obat ini.
  • Sedang menyusui.

 

Efek Samping

Efek samping yang paling sering terjadi adalah diare dan reaksi kulit, seperti ruam, jerawat, kulit kering dan gatal-gatal.

Efek samping umumnya terjadi dalam satu bulan pertama pengobatan dan umumnya dapat kembali seperti semula (reversibel). Efek samping lain yang sering muncul adalah:

  • Penurunan nafsu makan
  • Mual
  • Muntah
  • Peningkatan enzim hati

Obat ini juga dapat menyebabkan asthenia, yaitu tubuh yang terasa lemas dan lemah, sehingga orang yang mengalami hal ini harus berhati-hati dalam mengendarai kendaraan bermotor atau mengoperasikan mesin.

 

Sediaan

Tablet 250 mg.

 

Dosis

Gefitinib diberikan pada pasien dewasa dengan dosis 250 mg sekali sehari. Pengobatan dihentikan jika terjadi perburukan penyakit atau efek samping obat tidak dapat ditoleransi oleh pasien.

 

Keamanan

Keamanan obat pada ibu hamil tidak diketahui, namun penelitian pada hewan menunjukkan adanya bukti obat ini bisa menimbulkan gangguan pada janin. Selain itu, gefitinib juga ditemukan masuk ke dalam air susu hewan uji coba yang juga menyusui. Oleh karena itu, gefitinib dilarang digunakan oleh ibu yang sedang menyusui. 

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Kadar gefitinib di dalam darah dan efektivitasnya dapat menurun jika digunakan bersama obat-obatan berikut:
    • Rifampisin (obat tuberkulosis)
    • Fenitoin (obat kejang)
    • Obat yang menurunkan keasaman lambung seperti omeprazol dan ranitidin
  • Kadar dan efektivitas gefitinib dapat meningkat jika digunakan bersama obat-obatan penghambat enzim CYP3A4, seperti:
    • Antijamur ketokonazol
    • Antibiotik klaritromisin
  • Penggunaan bersama pengencer darah warfarin dapat meningkatkan resiko perdarahan.
  • Penggunaan bersama pereda nyeri golongan NSAID atau steroid dapat meningkatkan resiko kebocoran saluran cerna.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Arifin Muhammad Siregar
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 13:26

MIMS Indonesia. (2022). Gefitinib: Indication, Dosage, Side Effect, Precaution. Retrieved 1 October 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/gefitinib?mtype=generic.

Pusat Informasi Obat Nasional. (2022). GEFITINIB. Retrieved 1 October 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/gefitinib-0.

European Medicines Agency. (2022). Iressa - European Medicines Agency. Retrieved 1 October 2022, from https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/iressa.

Medicinces.org.uk. (2022). Iressa 250mg film-coated tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc). Retrieved 1 October 2022, from https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/22104#gref.

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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