Mengenal Jenis-Jenis Alat Kontrasepsi Non-Hormonal

Mengenal Jenis-Jenis Alat Kontrasepsi Non-Hormonal
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Alat kontrasepsi atau KB sangat penting untuk membantu mencegah kehamilan atau mengatur jarak kehamilan. Berdasarkan kandungan hormonnya, ada dua jenis alat kontrasepsi yang dapat dipilih, yaitu alat kontrasepsi hormonal dan alat kontrasepsi non-hormonal.

Alat kontrasepsi hormonal mungkin memberikan perlindungan lebih efektif dibandingkan alat kontrasepsi non-hormonal, namun sayangnya tidak semua orang cocok menggunakannya. Beberapa orang yang memiliki kondisi kesehatan tertentu juga harus menghindari alat kontrasepsi hormonal untuk meminimalisir efek samping dan komplikasi kesehatan yang mungkin terjadi.

Untungnya alat kontrasepsi non-hormonal menyediakan cukup banyak pilihan dengan segala kelebihan dan kekurangannya.

 

Alat Kontrasepsi Metode Penghalang

Alat kontrasepsi non-hormonal jenis ini bekerja dengan menghalangi pertemuan antara sperma dan sel telur. Pilihannya cukup beragam dengan kelebihan dan kekurangan yang berbeda-beda pula, di antaranya:

  • Diafragma

Diafragma mirip seperti mangkuk silikon kecil yang dimasukkan ke dalam vagina untuk menghalangi air mani masuk ke dalam rahim. Berbeda dengan kondom wanita yang bisa dipasang mandiri, diafragma harus dipasang terlebih dahulu oleh dokter kandungan.

Diafragma dapat digunakan selama 12 bulan dan dilepas ketika ingin kehamilan terjadi. Walaupun dapat menghalangi sperma masuk ke dalam rahim, namun diafragma tidak melindungi dari penyakit menular seksual. Andapun juga harus membiarkannya setidaknya selama 8 jam setelah berhubungan seks, di mana risiko terkena infeksi saluran kemih meningkat.

  • Cervical Cap

Seperti namanya, cervical cap memiliki bentuk seperti topi kecil yang diletakkan di leher rahim untuk mencegah masuknya sperma. Mirip seperti diafragma, alat ini harus dibantu dipasang oleh dokter dan lebih efektif bila digunakan dengan spermisida.

Sayangnya penggunaannya perlu diresepkan dan harus dilakukan dengan benar agar efektif mencegah kehamilan. Cervical cap juga tidak bisa mencegah infeksi menular seksual serta meningkatkan risiko infeksi kandung kemih.

  • Spons

Bekerja dengan cara yang sama seperti diafragma dan cervical cap, bedanya spons sudah mengandung spermisida dan dapat dibeli tanpa resep dokter. Spon memiliki jaringan mirip vagina yang terasa alami saat digunakan berhubungan seksual. Sayangnya spons juga tidak memberikan perlindungan terhadap penyakit menular seksual.

  • IUD Tembaga

IUD tembaga memiliki bentuk seperti huruf T yang dibungkus dengan tembaga. Tembaga ini beacun bagi sperma dan mencegahnya berenang melalui vagina mencapai sel telur. IUD tembaga dapat dipasang di dalam rahim selama 10 tahun dan berfungsi sebagai kontrasepsi darurat bila dipasang dalam lima hari setelah berhubungan seksual tanpa kondom.

  • Spermisida

Bahan kimia ini dimasukkan ke dalam vagina untuk melumpuhkan dan membunuh sperma. Zat kimia ini bisa dibeli tanpa resep dan hadir dalam bentuk gel, busa atau suppositoria (sejenis pil yang dimasukkan ke dalam lubang vagina). Anda tidak boleh membilas vagina setidaknya 8 jam setelah menggunakan spermisida untuk mencegah kemungkinan kebocoran.

  • Gel Vagina

Gel vagina dimasukkan ke dalam vagina untuk menjaga tingkat pH vagina agar tidak naik dan memungkinkan sperma bergerak ke saluran reproduksi sampai ke sel telur.

  • Kondom pria

Alat kontrasepsi non-hormonal ini paling mudah ditemukan karena dijual bebas di supermarket, toko obat maupun apotik. Berbentuk selubung tipis, kondom dipasang pada penis sebelum berhubungan seksual untuk mencegah air mani masuk ke vagina.

  • Kondom wanita

Bekerja mirip seperti kondom pria, kondom wanita memiliki ring di setiap ujung untuk memudahkan pemasangannya. Perbedaannya, kondom ini tidak dipasang di penis, melainkan di dalam liang vagina.

 

Alat Kontrasepsi Metode Pembedahan

Ada dua jenis operasi sterilisasi yang merupakan metode invasif untuk mencegah kehamilan secara permanen. Yang pertama disebut ligasi tuba, bekerja dengan memblokir saluran tuba wanita untuk mencegah sel telur mencapai rahim. Yang kedua disebut vasektomi, bekerja dengan menutup tabung yang membawa sperma keluar dari testis pria.

 

Alat Kontrasepsi Metode Alami (KB Alami)

  • Koitus Interruptus

Koitus interruptus berarti mengeluarkan penis sebelum ejakulasi. Cara ini cukup berisiko, selain berpotensi keluarnya air mani sebelum ejakulasi cara ini juga tidak melindungi dari infeksi menular seksual.

  • Metode kalender

Di sini, Anda harus mengetahui siklus menstruasi dan ovulasi. Hubungan seksual bisa dilakukan bila risiko kehamilan rendah. Tidak ada efek samping dalam pencegahan kehamilan dengan cara ini, hanya saja risiko infeksi menular seksual meningkat dan cara ini tidak efektif untuk Anda yang memiliki problem menstruasi tidak teratur.

Menentukan kontrasepsi mana yang ingin dipilih membutuhkan riwayat kesehatan dan juga kenyamanan dalam penggunaan. Untuk mendapatkan yang sesuai mungkin Anda harus mencoba beberapa metode dan membandingkannya sendiri. Apabila Anda masih merasa kebingungan, bicarakan kembali dengan dokter kandungan Anda yang dapat membantu memilihkan jenis kontrasepsi terbaik sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi kesehatan Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 09:16

Kate Rope (2020). Nonhormonal Birth Control. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/non-hormonal-birth-control-options

Lana Barhum (2022). What to know about non-hormonal birth control. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320213

Simone Marie (2021). Your FAQs: What Is Nonhormonal Birth Control?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/birth-control/what-is-nonhormonal-birth-control

CDC (2022). Contraception. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/index.htm

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        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        Hints
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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