Jenis-Jenis Tes Urine Beserta Fungsinya

Jenis-Jenis Tes Urine Beserta Fungsinya
Credits: Freepik

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Tes urine atau disebut juga urinalisis adalah pemeriksaan terkait dengan zat kimiawi, perubahan fisik dan mikroskopis urine. Tes urine dapat mendeteksi dan mengukur berbagai senyawa hanya dengan menggunakan satu sampel urine.

Ketahui apa saja jenis-jenis tes urine yang tersedia beserta dengan fungsinya.

 

Tes Protein Urine

Tes protein urine dilakukan untuk mengukur kadar protein tertentu seperti albumin. Tes ini paling sering dilakukan ketika dokter mencurigai adanya tanda-tanda penyakit ginjal. Tes protein urine juga digunakan sebagai skrining penyakit ginjal pada penderita diabetes.

 

Tes Tingkat pH Urine

Tes tingkat pH urine dilakukan untuk menganalisis keasaman dari sampel urine. Tes ini tidak menyakitkan karena Anda hanya diminta mengumpulkan sampel urine saja.

Tes ini mengukur tingkat asam-basa dalam urine. Hasil pH urine yang terlalu tinggi mengindikasikan masalah ginjal dan infeksi saluran kemih. Sebaliknya, pH urine yang terlalu rendah dapat mengindikasikan kondisi seperti ketoasidosis terkait diabetes dan diare.

 

Baca Juga: Seperti apa Warna Urine yang Menunjukkan Dehidrasi?

 

Tes Keton Urine

Tes keton urine dilakukan untuk memantau tingkat keton di dalam tubuh. Urine yang mengandung keton sebenarnya adalah normal, tetapi kadar keton yang terlalu tinggi mengindikasikan bahwa tubuh terlalu asam atau disebut dengan ketoasidosis.

Ketoasidosis diabetik misalnya adalah keadaan darurat medis yang bisa berkembang dengan cepat dan mengancam jiwa. Jika Anda menderita diabetes maka tes keton dalam urine membantu mendeteksi kadar keton yang tinggi lebih awal agar Anda bisa segera mendapatkan pengobatan.

 

Tes Glukosa Urine

Tes glukosa urine dilakukan untuk mengukur kadar gula (glukosa) dalam urine. Memiliki kadar glukosa yang terlalu tinggi menunjukkan adanya masalah kesehatan. Tanpa perawatan dan membiarkan kadar glukosa tetap tinggi maka Anda berisiko mengalami komplikasi serius.

 

Tes Bilirubin

Untuk mengetahui kadar bilirubin di dalam darah, tes bilirubin bisa dilakukan dengan menguji sampel urine. Bilirubin adalah pigmen berwarna kuning yang ada di dalam empedu. Cairan ini diproduksi oleh hati.

Memiliki bilirubin yang tinggi dalam urine mungkin mengindikasikan adanya masalah hati atau masalah di saluran empedu.

 

Baca Juga: Apa yang Terjadi Jika Bilirubin Bayi Tinggi saat Baru Lahir?

 

Tes Urine Nitrit

Pengujian nitrit di dalam urine dilakukan untuk melihat apakah ada nitrit di dalam urine. Nitrit mungkin mengindikasikan adanya tanda infeksi saluran kemih (ISK). ISK dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai bakteri, bakteri ini mengubah zat kimia normal dalam urine yang disebut nitrat menjadi nitrit.

 

Tes Urine Leukosit Esterase

Tes urine leukosit esterase dilakukan untuk mendeteksi adanya peradangan di saluran kemih atau ginjal. Peradangan ini bisa dideteksi apabila kadar leukosit esterase (enzim yang berada di sel darah putih) cukup tinggi jumlahnya.

 

Tes Berat Jenis Urine

Tes berat jenis urine dilakukan untuk mengukur kemampuan ginjal dalam menyeimbangkan kadar air dan mengeluarkan limbah. Tes ini penting dilakukan untuk mendiagnosis beberapa kondisi kesehatan yang memengaruhi kandungan air dalam urine.

 

Tes urine direkomendasikan dokter sebagai skrining tanda-tanda awal kondisi kesehatan tertentu seperti diabetes atau penyakit ginjal. Tes ini juga mungkin direkomendasikan sebelum melakukan operasi atau mendiagnosis infeksi saluran kemih.

Kapan sebaiknya menjalani tes urine bergantung pada rekomendasi dokter. Anda bisa bertanya pada dokter ahli melalui aplikasi kesehatan Ai Care.

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 05:44
Tags : urinalisis tes urine pemeriksaan laboratorium

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Urinalysis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17893-urinalysis

Mount Sinai. Protein urine test. Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/tests/protein-urine-test

Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA (2021). Urine pH Level Test. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/urine-ph

Medline Plus (20220. Ketones in Urine. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-urine/

Debra Stang (2022). Urine Glucose Test. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/glucose-test-urine

Erica Roth (2017). Bilirubin Urine Test. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/bilirubin-urine

Medline Plus (2022). Nitrites in Urine. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nitrites-in-urine/

 

WebMD (2021). What Is Urine Specific Gravity?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-urine-specific-gravity

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        Date ↕MethodURLData
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