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  • Apa Saja Penyakit yang Dapat Dideteksi dari Pemeriksaan Tes Urine?

Apa Saja Penyakit yang Dapat Dideteksi dari Pemeriksaan Tes Urine?

Apa Saja Penyakit yang Dapat Dideteksi dari Pemeriksaan Tes Urine?

Bagikan :


Tes urine atau urinalisis merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan yang dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan Anda. Melalui tes urine, Anda juga dapat melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan dan penggunaan obat-obatan terlarang seperti narkoba atau obat-obatan yang meningkatkan kemampuan atlet. Bagaimana proses tes urine dilakukan dan apa saja penyakit yang bisa dideteksi dari tes urine? Simak ulasan berikut.

 

Apa itu tes urine (urinalisis)?

Dalam proses mendiagnosis penyakit, dokter seringkali membutuhkan tes urine dari pasien. Selain membantu mendiagnosis penyakit, tes urine juga berfungsi untuk melihat perkembangan kondisi penyakit dan mengetahui kandungan zat berbahaya dalam tubuh.

Urine manusia merupakan limbah hasil penyaringan zat yang sudah tidak diperlukan lagi oleh tubuh. Urine mengandung beberapa zat seperti urea, air, asam urat, asam laktat, kreatinin, asam fosfat, garam, dan zat-zat lain yang berlebihan dalam darah seperti vitamin C dan obat-obatan. Adanya kandungan zat tertentu dalam urine dapat mengindikasikan seseorang mengalami masalah kesehatan terutama masalah perkemihan dan metabolisme tubuh. 

Pemeriksaan urine akan dilakukan dalam tiga cara, yaitu:

  • Uji visual, dengan cara memeriksa tampilan urine apakah urine berwarna kuning cerah, keruh, kemerahan, dan berbusa.
  • Uji mikroskopis, yaitu pemeriksaan dengan mikroskop untuk melihat adanya komponen yang tidak terlihat oleh mata telanjang seperti sel darah merah, sel darah putih, bakteri dan kristal.
  • Tes dipstick, dilakukan dengan mencelupkan strip plastik ke dalam urine untuk mengetahui tingkat keasaman atau pH urine, kadar protein, glukosa, dan sel darah putih di dalam urine.

 

Penyakit yang bisa dideteksi melalui tes urine (urinalisis)

Setelah melakukan pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan penunjang seperti tes urine, dokter akan mendiagnosis penyakit atau kondisi medis yang dialami pasien. Beberapa penyakit dan kondisi yang dapat dideteksi dari tes urine antara lain:

1. Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK)

Infeksi saluran kemih adalah infeksi yang terjadi dalam sistem perkemihan terutama di bagian bawah yaitu kandung kemih dan saluran kencing (uretra). Pada pasien ISK, umumnya urine menunjukkan warna kuning keruh dan ditemukan bakteri atau sel darah putih pada urine.

Apabila diperlukan, dokter dapat meminta petugas melakukan kultur urine, yaitu pemeriksaan untuk mengetahui jenis bakteri penyebab infeksi dan pasien akan diberi obat yang sesuai. 

2. Masalah pada ginjal

Tes urine dapat menunjukkan apakah ginjal Anda bekerja dengan baik atau tidak. Apabila pada urine terdapat kandungan protein secara terus-menerus selama beberapa bulan, hal ini dapat mengindikasikan kerusakan ginjal yang dikenal dengan istilah ginjal bocor.

Demikian juga jika ditemukan kandungan darah dalam urine, kondisi ini dapat menjadi gejala awal masalah ginjal seperti gagal ginjal, kanker ginjal, juga cedera atau perdarahan pada ginjal.

3. Diabetes

Normalnya, ginjal akan menyerap kembali gula ke pembuluh darah dan tidak dikeluarkan melalui urine. Apabila dalam urine terdapat kandungan gula atau glukosa, maka dokter dapat mencurigai pasien mengalami diabetes. Selain tes urine, dokter juga akan melakukan tes darah untuk mengetahui kadar gula dalam darah sebelum mendiagnosis pasien mengalami diabetes.

4. Penyakit liver atau hepatitis

Pada pasien hepatitis yang mengalami peradangan pada hati, hasil tes urine akan menunjukkan warna urine yang berwarna gelap. Selain itu apabila dalam urine terdapat bilirubun maka hal ini menandakan bahwa pasien mengalami gangguan liver, seperti sirosis, kanker hati, atau gangguan kantung dan saluran empedu.

5. Kehamilan dan preeklamsia

Pada urine ibu hamil terdapat peningkatan hormon HCG yang menandakan kehamilan. Selain digunakan untuk pemeriksaan kehamilan, tes urine juga dapat dilakukan untuk mendeteksi preeklamsia. Apabila dalam urine ibu hamil terdapat protein berlebih dan diikuti gejala lainnya seperti tekanan darah tinggi, sakit kepala hebat, kaki bengkak, mual dan muntah maka ibu hamil dapat dikatakan mengalami preeklamsia.

 

Urinalisis atau tes urine adalah pemeriksaan yang banyak dilakukan untuk pemeriksaan penunjang dalam penegakan diagnosa. Apabila hasil urinalisis menunjukkan hasil di atas batas normal dan diikuti gejala lainnya, maka bicarakan hal tersebut dengan dokter Anda agar segera mendapat penanganan.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 21:09

Cleveland Clinic. Urinalysis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17893-urinalysis

Testing. (2022). Urinalysis. Available from: https://www.testing.com/tests/urinalysis/

Mayo Clinic. Urinalysis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/urinalysis/about/pac-20384907#

Medline Plus. Pregnancy Test. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/#

Mayo Clinic. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20353447

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      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2171 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.42msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5231 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5231
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6895 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6895
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new12.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5644 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5644
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7541 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7541
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8460 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6084
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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