5 Tanda Kekurangan Protein yang Perlu Diwaspadai

5 Tanda Kekurangan Protein yang Perlu Diwaspadai

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Protein adalah salah satu makronutrien yang dibutuhkan tubuh untuk pertumbuhan fungsi tubuh. Kandungan protein yang didapat dari makanan bermanfaat untuk memperbaiki jaringan tubuh, membangun sel dan jaringan tubuh yang baru serta memperkuat tulang dan mepercepat proses penyembuhan luka. Begitu pentingnya protein bagi kekuatan tubuh maka jika tubuh kekurangan protein dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan. Sayangnya, tidak banyak orang menyadari bahwa dirinya mengalami kekurangan protein.

 

Berapa kebutuhan protein per hari?

Protein merupakan salah satu zat yang membentuk tubuh manusia. 

Kebutuhan protein dapat berbeda-beda tergantung usia dan jenis kelamin. Setidaknya sekitar 20% dari tubuh manusia adalah protein. Protein tidak bisa dibuat oleh tubuh kita sendiri, karena itu, kebutuhan protein harus dicukupi secara harian dari asupan makanan. Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No.28 Tahun 2019, angka kecukupan gizi (AKG ) protein harian diatur sebagai berikut:

  • AKG Protein bayi kurang dari 6 bulan: 9 g
  • AKG Balita: 20-25 g
  • AKG Laki-laki:
    • Anak-anak (5-11 tahun): 25-50 g
    • Remaja (12-25 tahun): 50-65 g
    • Dewasa (26-45 tahun): 65 g
    • Lansia dan manula (41 tahun ke atas): 64 g
  • AKG Perempuan:
    • Anak-anak (5-11 tahun): 55 g
    • Remaja (12-25 tahun): 55-60 g
    • Dewasa (26-45 tahun): 60 g
    • Lansia dan manula (41 tahun ke atas):60 g
  • Hamil dan menyusui: 1-30 g

Kondisi tubuh kekurangan protein dikenal dengan istilah kurang energi protein (KEP). Tanda-tanda kekurangan energi protein umumnya akan muncul secara perlahan. Kondisi ini perlu segera ditangani agar tidak berkepanjangan dan tidak terjadi komplikasi.

 

Tanda-tanda kekurangan protein

Banyak orang tidak menyadari bahwa ia sedang mengalami kekurangan protein. Pasalnya, tak ada tanda-tanda khusus kekurangan protein sehingga seringkali orang baru menyadari kekurangan protein ketika kondisi ini sudah berlangsung cukup lama. Dilansir dari WebMD, berikut ini tanda-tanda kekurangan protein yang perlu Anda waspadai:

1. Bengkak di beberapa bagian tubuh (edema)

Jika Anda tiba-tiba mengalami pembengkakan di beberapa bagian seperti perut, kaki, dan tangan, Anda perlu curiga mengalami kekurangan protein. Saat tubuh kekurangan protein, tubuh juga kekurangan albumin yang berfungsi untuk mengatur keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit serta menjaga supaya cairan tubuh tetap berada di dalam peredaran darah dengan daya osmotik. Akibatnya dapat terjadi kebocoran cairan tubuh melalui dinding pembuluh darah dan menyebabkan pembengkakan jika kekurangan albumin.

2. Badan mudah lelah

Salah satu tanda kekurangan protein adalah badan terasa mudah lelah. Salah satu fungsi protein adalah untuk menggerakkan otot dalam tubuh. Ketika tubuh kekurangan protein, maka tubuh terasa lemas dan mudah lelah. Selain itu, saat kekurangan protein, tubuh akan mengambil protein dalam otot rangka demi mencukupi kebutuhan protein. Maka tak heran jika otot yang kekurangan protein akan menyusut dan kekurangan massa otot.

3. Masalah pada rambut, kuku dan kulit

Rambut, kuku dan kulit terbuat dari elastin, kolagen dan keratin yang termasuk jenis protein. Elastin dan kolagen adalah protein pada kulit dan jaringan tubuh yang membuat kulit terasa fleksibel dan kencang. Sedangkan keratin merupakan protein alami yang diproduksi tubuh untuk menjaga rambut agar tetap sehat dan lembut. Ketika tubuh kekurangan protein, maka rambut, kuku dan kulit akan terasa kering, pecah-pecah dan mudah rapuh.

4.  Cepat lapar

Protein merupakan salah satu sumber energi yang mampu menjaga kadar gula darah tetap stabil. Apabila kekurangan protein maka kadar gula darah menjadi tidak seimbang dan meningkatkan keinginan untuk makan.

5. Mudah sakit

Protein juga berperan penting pada sistem kekebalan tubuh. Apabila Anda kekurangan protein, maka sistem kekebalan tubuh menjadi lemah sehingga mudah terserang penyakit. Selain itu, kurang protein juga berarti berkurangnya produksi sel darah putih yang berfungsi melawan infeksi. Inilah penyebab orang yang kekurangan protein akan lebih mudah sakit.

 

Protein memiliki fungsi yang penting dalam tubuh kita. Untuk itu, selalu penuhi kebutuhan protein dalam tubuh agar fungsi otot dan daya tahan tubuh dapat bekerja dengan optimal.

 

 

Writer: Ratih

Edited by: dr. Benita Arini Kurniadi

Last updated: 06/10/2021

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        Backtrace
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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