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  • Tidak Selalu Diinfus, Ini 6 Metode Pemberian Kemoterapi pada Pasien Kanker

Tidak Selalu Diinfus, Ini 6 Metode Pemberian Kemoterapi pada Pasien Kanker

Tidak Selalu Diinfus, Ini 6 Metode Pemberian Kemoterapi pada Pasien Kanker

Bagikan :


Anda pasti tidak asing dengan istilah kemoterapi. Kemoterapi sebenarnya adalah penggunaan obat-obatan untuk mengatasi penyakit. Namun, istilah kemoterapi atau yang lebih sering disingkat dengan kemo kini dikenal sebagai salah satu terapi yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengatasi kanker.

Kemoterapi bekerja dengan cara menghancurkan sel kanker yang tumbuh dengan cepat di dalam tubuh.Dengan cara ini, diharapkan sel kanker gagal membelah diri sehingga tidak menyebar ke organ lain di dalam tubuh.

Proses pemberian obat kemoterapi

Sebelum menentukan jenis obat yang dapat digunakan saat kemoterapi, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan yang meliputi pemeriksaan fisik, biopsi, pemeriksaan laboratorium, dan tes pencitraan (CT scan, PET scan, X-ray). Setelah diagnosis ditegakkan, dokter akan merekomendasikan beberapa metode pengobatan yang dapat dipadukan dengan kemoterapi seperti operasi, terapi hormon, dan radioterapi.

Cara pemberian kemoterapi juga akan disesuaikan dengan jenis kanker, lokasi kanker, stadium kanker, penyebaran sel kanker, tujuan kemoterapi dan kondisi kesehatan pasien. Beberapa metode pemberian kemoterapi di antaranya:

1. Topikal

Pemberian kemoterapi secara topikal biasanya digunakan pada pasien kanker kulit. Kemoterapi ini dilakukan dengan mengoleskan krim atau gel yang mengandung obat kemoterapi untuk menghambat penyebaran sel kanker.

Pada beberapa kasus, dokter juga dapat merekomendasikan kemoterapi topikal setelah operasi untuk menyembuhkan sel kanker yang tersisa dan mencegahnya tumbuh kembali. Kemoterapi topikal juga dapat digunakan pada kondisi prakanker kulit agar sel kanker tidak berkembang.

2. Oral

Kemoterapi oral adalah jenis obat kemoterapi yang berbentuk pil atau kapsul. Jenis kemoterapi oral digunakan untuk mengatasi kanker yang tidak efektif jika diberikan kemoterapi intravena (melalui pembuluh darah vena). Kemoterapi oral dianggap lebih nyaman dan mudah dilakukan karena tidak perlu rawat inap di rumah sakit dan bisa dilakukan di rumah. Namun, tidak semua jenis kanker bisa diterapi menggunakan kemoterapi oral.

3. Suntik

Salah satu metode pemberian kemoterapi yang banyak digunakan adalah dengan metode suntik atau injeksi. Kemoterapi suntik dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan obat kemoterapi secara langsung ke pinggul, paha, lengan, atau area di bawah permukaan kulit dan otot lainnya. Penyuntikan kemoterapi bisa dilakukan sendiri oleh pasien atau menggunakan jasa tenaga kesehatan.

4. Intraperitoneal (IP)

Kemoterapi intraperitoneal adalah pemberian kemoterapi melalui prosedur operasi menggunakan selang khusus ke dalam rongga perut di mana terdapat usus, hati dan lambung. Kemoterapi jenis ini juga dikenal dengan istilah HIPEC (Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy) yang memanfaatkan efek panas untuk mematikan langsung sel kanker. Obat kemoterapi dipanaskan sampai suhu 106-109 Fahrenheit. Kemoterapi ini biasa digunakan untuk kanker usus dan kasus ginekologi tertentu.

5. Intraarteri (IA)

Kemoterapi intraarteri dilakukan dengan memberikan obat kemoterapi melalui pembuluh darah arteri yang dimasukkan ke dalam pembuluh darah yang berhubungan langsung dengan sel kanker. Metode ini sering digunakan untuk mengatasi retinoblastoma dengan menyuntikkan obat kemoterapi ke arteri oftalmika di mata.

6. Intravena (IV)

Kemoterapi intravena merupakan salah satu metode kemoterapi yang paling umum. Kemoterapi ini dilakukan dengan menyalurkan obat kemoterapi melalui infus langsung ke pembuluh darah vena. Obat bisa dimasukkan melalui tabung dengan jarum ke vena tangan atau dengan alat kemoterapi yang dipasangkan di dada pasien.

Pemberian kemoterapi umumnya berdampak sistemik dan menimbulkan efek samping seperti mual, muntah, lemas, diare, tidak nafsu makan, sembelit, mudah memar, dan lain-lain. Efek samping kemoterapi berbeda-beda pada setiap pasien. Pasien hendaknya membicarakan rencana pemberian kemoterapi dengan dokter dan keluarga pasien yang akan memberi dukungan selama proses terapi.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 22:55
  1. Brian Krans. Chemotherapy (2021). Available from : Chemotherapy: Uses, Side Effects, and Procedure (healthline.com)
  2. Christine Richmond. HIPEC (Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy) (2020). Available from : What Is HIPEC (Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy)? (webmd.com)
  3. Mayo Clinic. Chemotherapy (2020). Available from : Chemotherapy - Mayo Clinic
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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new14.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1112 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5558
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6354
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2634
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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