Kapan Usia yang Tepat untuk Sunat bagi Anak Laki-Laki?

Kapan Usia yang Tepat untuk Sunat bagi Anak Laki-Laki?

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Di Indonesia, pelaksanaan sunat atau khitan (sirkumsisi) banyak dipengaruhi oleh budaya dan keyakinan pada agama tertentu. Umumnya banyak orang tua yang mengkhitankan anak laki-lakinya ketika anak-anak berusia remaja. Namun, tak sedikit juga orang tua yang mengkhitankan anaknya ketka mereka masih bayi. Lantas, kapan sebaiknya anak dianjurkan untuk disunat?

Mengenal proses sunat

Sunat, atau yang juga dikenal dengan khitan (sirkumsisi) adalah operasi pengangkatan kulup, yaitu jaringan yang menutupi kepala penis. Dalam sunat dengan metode konvensional, area penis disterilkan dan diberi bius lokal, lalu dokter akan memotong kulit kulup penis dengan menggunakan pisau bedah atau gunting dan kemudian dijahit. Proses sunat dengan bedah minor atau konvensional ini umumnya hanya memakan waktu 30-50 menit.

Dalam perkembangannya, metode sunat saat ini sudah sangat beragam. Banyak teknik baru yang menawarkan kelebihan berupa proses yang lebih singkat dan masa penyembuhan lebih cepat seperti metode klem, laser, dan stapler.

Kapan usia yang tepat bagi anak laki-laki untuk sunat?

Ada beragam pendapat yang menentukan kapan sebaiknya anak laki-laki disunat. Dilansir dari WebMD, sebagian pendapat mengungkapkan bahwa sunat sebaiknya dilakukan pada hari pertama dan kedua setelah kelahiran atau ketika bayi berusia 8 hari. Selama bayi dalam kondisi sehat, tidak lahir prematur, tidak memiliki masalah pada penis dan tidak memiliki riwayat pendarahan dalam keluarga, maka dokter dapat melakukan prosedur sunat pada bayi.

Alasan melakukan sunat pada bayi antara lain pembuluh darah bayi masih sangat kecil sehingga minim risiko pendarahan. Selain itu luka bedah pada bayi memiliki proses penyembuhan yang lebih cepat karena memiliki masa regenerasi sel yang lebih cepat.

Menurut sebuah penelitian yang dipublikasikan dalam Iran Red Crescent Medical Journal, kelompok anak yang disunat pada usia kurang dari 1 tahun memiliki masa pemulihan setelah anestesi paling pendek, masa perawatan paling singkat, komplikasi anestesi paling sedikit dan biaya sunat paling rendah jika dibanding 2 kelompok usia lainnya yaitu kelompok usia 1-7 tahun dan usia lebih dari 7 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini yang kemudian menguatkan pendapat di masyarakat bahwa sunat pada bayi laki-laki sebaiknya dilakukan ketika bayi berusia di bawah 1 tahun.

Meskipun sunat pada bayi lebih minim risiko, namun tak sedikit orang tua yang berpendapat bahwa sunat merupakan tindakan bedah yang harus dilakukan atas kesadaran penuh oleh si pemilik tubuh. Karenanya, pada beberapa anak, sunat dilakukan ketika anak-anak berusia remaja atau lebih dewasa.

Berdasarkan perbedaan pendapat tersebut, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) mengungkapkan bahwa sunat merupakan sepenuhnya keputusan orang tua dan tidak merekomendasikan penyunatan pada semua bayi laki-laki yang baru lahir. Sunat dapat dilakukan dengan persetujuan orang tua dan perlu penggunaan anestesi untuk bayi yang akan menjalani prosedur sunat tersebut.

Pada praktiknya saat ini sunat dapat dilakukan kapan saja tergantung kesiapan anak dan orang tua. Sebelum dilakukan prosedur sunat, anak dan orang tua wajib mendapatkan informasi yang cukup mengenai risiko yang akan dialami anak apabila sunat dilakukan pada usia yang lebih dewasa beserta penanganannya.

 

Pada dasarnya, sunat memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan pria seperti mengurangi risiko infeksi saluran kemih, mengurangi risiko penyakit menular seksual dan beberapa penyakit seperti kanker dan balanitis. Bagi Anda yang sedang mempersiapkan prosedur sunat untuk si kecil, sebaiknya bicarakan dengan dokter dan anak Anda mengenai manfaat, risiko dan kapan sebaiknya prosedur sunat dapat dilakukan.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 06:30

Bicer, S. et al. (2015). At What Age Range Should Children be Circumcised?. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441785/

PERDOSKI. (2018). Khitan Anak: Konvensional vs Smartklamp vs Laser. Mana yang Paling Baik?. Available from: https://perdoski.id/article/detail/808-khitan-anak-konvensional-vs-smartklamp-vs-laser-mana-yang-paling-baik

AAP. (2012). Circumsision Policy Statement. Available from: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/130/3/585/30235/Circumcision-Policy-Statement

ACOG. (2020). Newborn Male Circumcision. Available from: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/newborn-male-circumcision

WebMD. (2020). Circumsision. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/guide/circumcision

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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