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  • Terapi yang Dibutuhkan untuk Anak Sindrom Down (Down Syndrome)

Terapi yang Dibutuhkan untuk Anak Sindrom Down (Down Syndrome)

Terapi yang Dibutuhkan untuk Anak Sindrom Down (Down Syndrome)
Anak dengan Sindrom Down dapat dilatih sesuai minat dan bakatnya.

Bagikan :


Down syndrome atau Sindrom Down merupakan kelainan genetik yang terjadi akibat pembelahan sel abnormal menghasilkan trisomi (3 salinan) kromosom 21. Kelebihan materi genetik dari kromosom dapat menyebabkan perubahan fisik pada anak yang lahir dengan Sindrom Down.

Sel manusia mengandung 23 pasang kromosom, namun pada anak yang terlahir dengan Sindrom Down, pembelahan sel abnormal menghasilkan ekstra kromosom 21 sehingga memiliki 47 kromosom. Kelainan ini menyebabkan anak memiliki ciri fisik yang khas dan mengalami beberapa masalah tumbuh kembang lainnya seperti masalah kesehatan, dan gangguan belajar.

Meskipun kondisi Sindrom Downmerupakan keadaan yang berlangsung seumur hidup, namun dengan beberapa terapi yang intensif, anak-anak yang terlahir dengan Sindrom Down dapat menjalani hidup dengan baik.

 

Penanganan untuk Anak dengan Sindrom Down

Kondisi anak yang mengalami Sindrom Down berbeda-beda antara satu anak dengan lainnya. Untuk itu, kebutuhan terapi setiap anak juga akan berbeda-beda. Terapi yang diberikan pada anak tergantung dari bagaimana kondisi fisik, kecerdasan, serta kelebihan dan keterbatasan yang dimiliki anak tersebut.

Semakin dini anak-anak dengan Sindrom Down mendapatkan terapi dan perhatian yang dibutuhkan, maka semakin besar peluang mereka untuk tumbuh dan berkembang sesuai potensi yang dimiiliki.

Beberapa terapi yang dibutuhkan anak Sindrom Down antara lain:

 

1. Terapi fisik

Bayi dengan Sindrom Down memiliki kelainan otot (hipotonia) yang membuat otot kehilangan kekuatan sehingga terlihat lemas dan tidak bisa menggerakkan tubuhnya. Jika kondisi ini tidak ditangani dengan tepat, hal ini dapat menyebabkan anak memiliki postur tubuh yang buruk dan sulit untuk menggerakkan otot sesuai kebutuhan.

Dengan diberikan terapi fisik sejak dini, kemampuan motorik anak seperti duduk, tengkurap, berdiri, dan berjalan dapat dilatih dengan baik sehingga keterampilan fisik anak dapat berkembang dengan baik.

2. Terapi bicara

Anak dengan Sindrom Down seringkali memiliki struktur mulut yang kecil dan lidah yang sedikit besar sehingga menyulitkan mereka untuk bicara. Selain itu, anak Sindrom Down juga berisiko mengalami gangguan pendengaran yang memengaruhi perkembangan bicara. Dengan menjalani terapi bicara, anak Sindrom Down dapat belajar bagaimana berkomunikasi dengan jelas. Sebagai alternatif, anak-anak juga dapat dilatih berkomunikasi dengan bahasa isyarat.

3. Terapi okupasi

Terapi okupasi bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan anak agar anak Sindrom Down dapat tumbuh dan berkembang secara mandiri. Terapi yang diberikan sangat bervariasi, mulai dari mengenakan pakaian sendiri, makan, menulis, dan menggunakan benda-benda di sekitar.

Seseorang dengan Sindrom Down dapat menjalani terapi okupasi sesuai dengan perkembangan usianya. Menjelang dewasa, terapi okupasi dapat diarahkan pada kegiatan-kegiatan yang membantu pengidap Sindrom Down untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan.

4. Terapi perilaku dan emosional

Kesulitan berkomunikasi dapat membuat anak dengan Sindrom Down merasa frustrasi dan mengalami masalah mental lainnya. Terapi perilaku dan emosional ini dibutuhkan agar anak dapat mengendalikan emosinya, terutama ketika mereka mengalami masa puber dimana anak cenderung bersikap agresif. Pada terapi ini anak-anak juga akan belajar bagaimana mengenali emosinya dan belajar bagaimana melampiaskan emosi dengan cara yang sehat.

 

Selain menjalani terapi di atas, anak-anak dengan Sindrom Down juga mungkin akan membutuhkan berbagai terapi lainnya untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan yang dimiliki. Beberapa masalah kesehatan yang sering dialami anak dengan Sindrom Down antara lain penyakit jantung, tiroid, masalah pendengaran, dan gangguan pencernaan.

Apabila si kecil didiagnosis mengalami Sindrom Down sejak lahir, maka sebaiknya segera konsultasikan dengan dokter agar mendapat terapi yang dibutuhkan untuk mendukung tumbuh kembangnya. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:28

WebMD. (2020). Down Syndrome. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/children/understanding-down-syndrome-basics

WebMD. (2021). What Are the Treatments for Down Syndrome?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/children/understanding-down-syndrome-treatment

Fergus, K. (2021). Treatments for Down Syndrome. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/treatment-of-down-syndrome-1120461

Cleveland Clinic. (2020). Down Syndrome. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17818-down-syndrome

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2017). What are Common Treatments for Down Syndrome?. Available from: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/treatments

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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3041 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new940μsselect * from `term_policies`
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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