Ketahui Prosedur Endoskopi dan Resikonya

Ketahui Prosedur Endoskopi dan Resikonya
Ilustrasi prosedur medis. Credits: Freepik.

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Endoskopi adalah proses memasukkan selang tipis panjang yang dilengkapi dengan kamera di ujung selang ke dalam tubuh, untuk mengamati organ atau jaringan di dalam tubuh secara detail. Prosedur ini bersifat minimal invasif, yang melibatkan memasukkan suatu alat ke dalam rongga tubuh seperti mulut atau anus. Ada beragam jenis endoskopi, nama prosedur berhubungan dengan area tubuh yang akan diamati. 

Endoskopi adalah prosedur modern yang relatif memiliki risiko yang lebih rendah. Kenali apa itu endoskopi dan simak lebih lanjut artikel ini.

 

Jenis-Jenis Prosedur Endoskopi

Ada beragam jenis prosedur endoskopi yang dapat dilakukan pada berbagai area dan organ di tubuh. Umumnya cara kerja dari semua prosedur ini serupa, di mana dokter akan memasukkan selang berkamera ke dalam tubuh. Ada selang yang fleksibel, dan ada juga selang endoskopi yang kaku.

Di bawah ini adalah jenis-jenis endoskopi dan nama prosedurnya, yaitu:

Pada saluran cerna

  • Esofagogastroduodenoskopi: Memeriksa area kerongkongan (esofagus), lambung, dan usus dua belas jari (duodenum)
  • Enteroskopi: Memeriksa usus halus
  • Sigmoidoskopi: Memeriksa usus besar sigmoid
  • Kolonoskopi: Memeriksa usus besar dan rektum
  • Anoskopi: Memeriksa anus

Pada saluran napas dan THT

  • Rhinoskopi: Memeriksa hidung
  • Otoskopi: Memeriksa telinga
  • Bronkoskopi: Memeriksa saluran napas bagian bawah

Pada sistem reproduksi 

  • Sistoskopi: Memeriksa saluran kemih
  • Ginoskopi: Memeriksa sistem reproduksi wanita 
  • Kolposkopi: Memeriksa serviks
  • Histeroskopi: Memeriksa rahim
  • Faloposkopi: Memeriksa tuba falopi

Selain prosedur endoskopi yang dilakukan dengan memasukkan selang secara langsung ke rongga tubuh, ada prosedur yang dilakukan dengan membuat sayatan kecil di tubuh terlebih dahulu. Jenis endoskopi tersebut adalah:

  • Laparoskopi: Membuat sayatan kecil di area perut atau panggul untuk memeriksa bagian dalam perut
  • Arthroskopi: Membuat sayatan kecil di area sendi yang akan diperiksa untuk memeriksa sendi
  • Thorakoskopi: Membuat sayatan kecil di antara tulang rusuk di bagian bawah tulang belikat untuk melihat bagian organ dada

Baca Juga: Prosedur Gastroskopi dan Manfaatnya

 

Prosedur Endoskopi

Endoskopi biasanya dilakukan di rumah sakit dengan fasilitas yang memadai. Sebelum menjalani prosedur endoskopi, dokter akan menginformasikan hal-hal yang mungkin perlu Anda lakukan, seperti berpuasa atau meminum obat pencahar sebelum prosedur. Anda mungkin juga bisa diminta untuk berhenti merokok dan meminum obat tertentu sebelum prosedur. Persiapan sebelum pemeriksaan akan disesuaikan dengan jenis endoskopi yang akan dilakukan. 

Lama prosedur endoskopi biasanya berkisar 30-120 menit. Umumnya Anda bisa pulang di hari yang sama tanpa harus menginap di rumah sakit, namun ada beberapa prosedur yang memerlukan rawat inap selama satu hari.

Sebelum prosedur Anda akan mendapat pembiusan, bisa bius umum atau bius lokal dan obat sedatif. Selanjutnya, selang berkamera akan dimasukkan ke dalam tubuh untuk melihat organ yang akan diperiksa. Endoskopi tidak akan menimbulkan rasa sakit, namun mungkin akan membuat tubuh agak terasa tidak nyaman. 

Baca Juga: Ketahui Bagaimana Prosedur Ligasi Tuba dan Manfaatnya

 

Risiko dan Efek Samping Endoskopi

Proses endoskopi tergolong aman untuk dilakukan, namun bukan berarti tidak ada risiko sama sekali. Berikut adalah risiko atau efek samping yang mungkin terjadi selama atau sesudah proses endoskopi dilakukan:

  • Kemerahan dan bengkak di area sayatan
  • Kembung, mual atau kram perut ringan
  • Kebas atau mati rasa pada tenggorokan selama beberapa jam
  • Nyeri persisten pada area tubuh yang diendoskopi
  • Infeksi pada area tubuh yang diendoskopi
  • Perdarahan organ dalam
  • Luka pada lapisan lambung atau kerongkongan 

Segera cari bantuan medis bila Anda merasakan gejala-gejala ini setelah menjalani prosedur endoskopi:

  • Feses berwarna gelap disertai pendarahan
  • Sesak napas
  • Rasa sakit terus-menerus pada perut
  • Nyeri dada
  • Muntah disertai darah

Ketahui lebih banyak informasi terkait dengan prosedur endoskopi dan manfaatkan konsultasi bersama dokter dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Selasa, 12 Desember 2023 | 08:33

American Cancer Society. Endoscopy. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/diagnosis-staging/tests/endoscopy.html 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Endoscopy. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/25126-endoscopy 

Brian Krans (2018). Endoscopy. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/endoscopy 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Dysphagia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysphagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372028

Tim Newman and Molly Burford (2023). Endoscopy: What to know. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153737 

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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