Bagaimana Kebiasaan Minum Alkohol dapat Merusak Organ Hati?

Bagaimana Kebiasaan Minum Alkohol dapat Merusak Organ Hati?
Credit: Freepik

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Alkohol adalah minuman yang terbuat dari fermentasi gula dari gandum, buah-buahan maupun sayuran. Minuman ini adalah bagian dari tradisi di beberapa negara tertentu, yang tidak hanya dikonsumsi sebagai minuman, namun juga terkadang digunakan untuk memasak.

Dalam jumlah yang kecil, alkohol mungkin tidak akan menyebabkan dampak apapun pada tubuh. Namun, Anda tetap harus berhati-hati saat mengonsumsinya karena alkohol bisa sangat beracun dan membuat orang ketagihan.

 

Efek Alkohol di Dalam Tubuh

Etanol atau disebut juga ethyl alcohol adalah bahan utama dari minuman beralkohol yang dapat menyebabkan mabuk. Mengonsumsi sedikit alkohol membuat Anda merasa rileks dan bahagia, karena alkohol bisa memperlambat jalannya pesan antara otak dan tubuh, memengaruhi cara berpikir, serta memengaruhi perasaan dan perilaku.

Pada Rongga Mulut dan Pencernaan

Ketika minuman beralkohol masuk ke dalam mulut dan lambung, alkohol bisa meresap melalui pembuluh darah yang ada di saluran cerna. Lebih dari 20% alkohol masuk ke dalam lambung dan sisanya meresap ke dalam usus halus. Semakin banyak alkohol beredar dalam pembuluh darah, Anda akan semakin mudah mabuk. 

Baca Juga: Awas, Minuman Beralkohol dapat Meningkatkan Risiko Penyakit Tulang

Pada Pembuluh Darah

Saat alkohol mulai masuk ke dalam pembuluh darah, maka alkohol akan menyebar ke seluruh tubuh dengan cepat. Kondisi ini memengaruhi seluruh sistem tubuh sampai organ hati berhasil mengurai seluruh alkohol yang ada di tubuh. Begitu alkohol berada dalam peredaran darah, Anda bisa merasakan beberapa hal berikut:

  • Kulit kemerahan
  • Penurunan suhu tubuh
  • Penurunan tekanan darah

Seperti yang disebutkan sebelumnya bahwa begitu alkohol masuk ke dalam pembuluh darah, maka alkohol akan menyebar lebih cepat ke seluruh bagian tubuh, termasuk otak dan sistem saraf hanya dalam 5-10 menit. Alkohol kemudian dalam beberapa saat memengaruhi kemampuan bicara, koordinasi tubuh, penglihatan dan juga menyebabkan pusing.

 

Bagaimana Alkohol dapat Menyebabkan Kerusakan pada Hati

Alkohol terutama dimetabolisme pada organ hati dengan bantuan enzim, sehingga molekul alkohol akan terurai dan bisa dikeluarkan dari tubuh. Alkohol akan dimetabolisme menjadi asetaldehid, lalu dipecah lagi menjadi asetat, hingga menjadi air dan karbondioksida agar bisa dikeluarkan dengan mudah dari tubuh.

Namun, hati hanya mampu mengoksidasi satu unit alkohol per jam. Oleh karena itu semakin banyak alkohol yang Anda minum dalam waktu yang sebentar maka hati akan mengalami kesulitan dalam memecahnya. Kadar alkohol akan semakin tinggi dalam peredaran darah dan dapat menyebabkan Anda mengalami keracunan alkohol.

Alkohol yang terlalu banyak dikonsumsi tubuh dan tidak dapat disaring dengan baik pada akhirnya menyebabkan hati bekerja terlalu keras, dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada sel-sel hati. Kondisi ini disebut sebagai alcohol-related fatty liver. Kerusakan ini berlangsung dalam tiga tahap, di antaranya:

  • Tahap 1: perlemakan hati atau steatosis, di mana ada penumpukan lemak di hati.
  • Tahap 2: hepatitis terkait alkohol, di mana sel-sel hati mengalami peradangan dan membengkak. Pada tahapan ini, berhenti mengonsumsi alkohol dapat memperbaiki kondisi hati
  • Tahap 3: sirosis hati, yaitu tumbuhnya jaringan parut menggantikan jaringan sehat hati, menyebabkan komplikasi yang dapat mengancam jiwa

Orang yang berisiko mengalami tahapan di atas, adalah yang mengonsumsi 30-50 gram alkohol per hari selama 5 tahun berturut-turut.

Baca Juga: Bumil Gemar Minum Alkohol, Waspada Risiko Fetal Alcohol Syndrome pada Bayi

 

Selain perlemakan hati, hepatitis alkohol dan sirosis, Anda juga berisiko mengalami penyakit jantung, kanker mulut, kanker payudara dan ketergantungan alkohol yang dapat membahayakan jiwa. Untuk itu Anda perlu membatasi konsumsi minuman beralkohol dan lebih memilih mengonsumsi air putih demi kesehatan tubuh.

Apabila Anda kesulitan menghentikan kebiasaan minum alkohol, sebaiknya konsultasikan kondisi Anda ke psikolog atua ke psikiater. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 07:33

Adam Felman (2022). Everything you need to know about cirrhosis. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172295.

Omar Mousa, M.B.B.S., M.D. What effect does alcohol have on your health — and your liver?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/effects-of-alcohol-on-your-health-and-liver.

John Hopkins Medicine. Alcoholic Liver Disease. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/alcoholinduced-liver-disease.

Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. What is alcohol?. Available from: https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/alcohol/about-alcohol/what-is-alcohol.

Adrienne Santos Longhurst (2020). How Alcohol Travels Through Your Body (and Gets You Drunk). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/why-does-alcohol-make-you-drunk.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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