Inilah yang Harus Dilakukan jika Terkena Gas Air Mata

Inilah yang Harus Dilakukan jika Terkena Gas Air Mata
Credits: Freepik. Gas air mata dapat berdampak pada kesehatan.

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Gas air mata seringkali digunakan sebagai alat untuk mengendalikan massa, misalnya di tengah demonstrasi yang sedang memanas, atau kerusuhan massa. Gas ini membuat orang menghentikan apapun yang sedang dilakukannya.

Hingga saat ini sebenarnya penggunaan gas air mata masih menjadi perdebatan, karena komplikasinya berisiko tinggi terhadap pernapasan. Ketahui apa itu gas air mata dan komposisinya, serta apa yang harus dilakukan jika terpapar gas air mata.

 

Apa itu Gas Air Mata?

Gas air mata terdiri dari kumpulan bahan kimia, seperti:

  • Chloroacetophenone (CN)
  • Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS)
  • Chloropicrin (PS)
  • Bromobenzilsianida (CA)
  • Dibenzoxazepine (CR)
  • Kombinasi berbagai senyawa lainnya

Terlepas dari namanya, sebenarnya gas air mata bukanlah gas, melainkan bubuk bertekanan yang menciptakan kabut saat digunakan.

Bentuk paling umum gas air mata adalah 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (gas CS), yang pertama kali digunakan untuk mengendalikan kerusuhan pada tahun 1959.

 

Efek Gas Air Mata pada Tubuh

Terpapar gas air mata dapat menyebabkan iritasi pada sistem pernapasan, mata dan kulit. Keparahan dampaknya tergantung pada seberapa banyak gas yang digunakan, ruangan yang terbuka atau tertutup, seberapa dekat dengan lokasi gas dilepaskan, atau kondisi kesehatan yang dapat memperparah dampaknya.

Efek Gas Air Mata pada Mata

Saat terpapar gas air mata, mata akan mengalami beberapa dampak, di antaranya:

  • Mata berair
  • Kelopak mata terasa gatal dan menutup secara tiba-tiba
  • Rasa terbakar pada mata
  • Kebutaan sementara
  • Pandangan yang kabur
  • Luka bakar kimia

Paparan jangka panjang dan jarak yang dekat dapat menyebabkan:

  • Kebutaan
  • Pendarahan
  • Kerusakan saraf
  • Katarak
  • Erosi kornea

Efek Gas Air Mata pada Pernapasan dan Pencernaan

Menghirup gas air mata dapat menyebabkan iritasi pada saluran pernapasan, seperti hidung, tenggorokan dan paru-paru. Tak hanya memengaruhi sistem pernapasan, ketika terhirup gas ini sistem pencernaan juga dapat terpengaruh. Beginilah dampaknya:

  • Rasa terbakar dan gatal pada hidung dan tenggorokan
  • Kesulitan bernapas
  • Batuk-batuk
  • Mengeluarkan air liur
  • Rasa sesak di dada
  • Mual dan muntah
  • Diare
  • Gagal napas

Efek Gas Air Mata pada Kulit

Kulit yang terpajan gas air mata akan mengalami iritasi, dan menunjukkan gejala di antaranya:

  • Rasa gatal
  • Kemerahan
  • Kulit melepuh
  • Dermatitis alergi
  • Luka bakar kimia

 

Yang Harus Dilakukan bila Terkena Gas Air Mata

Satu-satunya hal yang harus dilakukan saat gas air mata ditembakkan adalah meninggalkan area tersebut dan mencari area terbuka dengan udara yang segar. Selain itu, berikut adalah hal yang disarankan oleh CDC bila terpapar gas air mata:

  • Hindari area di mana gas air mata dilepaskan, dan sebisa mungkin cari tempat terbuka yang jauh dari tempat tersebut
  • Apabila gas air mata dilepaskan di dalam gedung, maka berusahalah keluar dari gedung dan mencari tempat terbuka
  • Sesegera mungkin cari akses sabun dan air bersih untuk membasuh area kulit yang terpapar. Hindari penggunaan air hangat atau panas, karena akan membuat pori-pori terbuka dan zat kimia masuk ke dalam kulit
  • Apabila mata terasa terbakar dan pandangan terganggu, maka bilas mata dengan air bersih selama 10-15 menit
  • Lepas lensa kontak Anda dan jangan memasangnya kembali
  • Lepas kacamata dan cuci dengan sabun dan air bersih apabila kacamata terkontaminasi gas air mata
  • Lepas seluruh pakaian dan masukkan ke dalam kantong plastik. Usahakan tidak menyentuh kantong plastik langsung dengan tangan

 

Semakin lama Anda terpapar maka dampak pada tubuh akan semakin buruk. Untuk itu berusahalah meminimalisir kontak dengan gas air mata. Walaupun tidak menyebabkan dampak jangka panjang, namun paparan gas air mata yang terlalu pekat dan lama berisiko menyebabkan komplikasi. Segera periksakan diri ke dokter apabila gejala terasa memburuk.

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 12:43

CDC (2018). Facts About Riot Control Agents Interim document. Available from: https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/riotcontrol/factsheet.asp

Aftermath. 4 Tips to Neutralize Tear Gas. Available from: https://www.aftermath.com/content/tear-gas-neutralizer/

Daniel yetman (2020). How Does Tear Gas Affect the Human Body?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/tear-gas-effects

 

Maggie O'Neil (2020). These Are the Effects of Tear Gas on the Human Body. Available from: https://www.health.com/mind-body/effects-of-tear-gas-on-the-human-body

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      Backtrace
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