Perbedaan Paparan Sinar UV A, UV B, dan UV C

Perbedaan Paparan Sinar UV A, UV B, dan UV C
Credit: Freepik

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Sinar matahari mengandung sinar ultraviolet yang terdiri dari beberapa jenis gelombang. Beberapa jenis sinar ultraviolet yang mungkin sudah Anda kenal adalah sinar UV A dan UV B. Selain kedua jenis sinar UV tersebut, ada pula UV C. Ketiganya memiliki efek yang berbeda pada kulit dan kesehatan.

 

Perbedaan Paparan Sinar UV A, UV B, dan UV C

Radiasi UV adalah bentuk energi elektromagnetik. Ultraviolet bisa berasal dari sumber alami seperti sinar matahari maupun sumber buatan seperti laser, lampu hitam, dan alat tanning bed. Dari semua jenis sumber UV tersebut, matahari adalah sumber radiasi UV yang paling signifikan. Gelombang UV ini berasal dari reaksi nuklir di inti matahari dan radiasi yang menyebar ke bumi melalui sinar matahari.

Sinar UV diklasifikasikan menurut panjang gelombang yaitu UV A (panjang gelombang terpanjang), UV B (panjang gelombang sedang), dan UV C (panjang gelombang terpendek). Berikut ini perbedaannya:

 

Sinar UV A

Sinar UV A memiliki gelombang paling panjang yaitu sekitar 315-400 nm. Ketika dipancarkan dari matahari, sinar UV A sebagian besar dapat mencapai permukaan bumi. Sinar UV A memiliki tingkat energi paling rendah daripada sinar UV lainnya.

Paparan sinar UV A pada kulit dapat mengenai sel kulit di dalam kulit termasuk lapisan dermis. Pada jangka pendek, paparan sinar UV A dapat menyebabkan kulit terbakar (sunburn) dan kecoklatan. Sedangkan dalam efek jangka panjang, sinar UV A dapat menyebabkan penuaan dini, kerut, dan beberapa jenis kanker kullit.

 

Baca Juga: Mengapa Pengidap Lupus Sebaiknya Menghindari Paparan Sinar Matahari?

Sinar UV B

Jenis sinar UV B memiliki level energi sedang dan panjang gelombang lebih pendek dari sinar UV A. Sinar UV B sebagian besar diserap oleh lapisan ozon namun sebagian kecil sisanya dapat menembus atmosfer. Diperkirakan sekitar 5% dari sinar UV yang mencapai tanah adalah sinar UV B. Berbeda dengan sinar UV A, sinar ini tidak menembus jendela dan cenderung disaring oleh awan.

Paparan sinar UV B pada kulit akan mengenai lapisan kulit paling atas. Dalam jangka pendek, paparan sinar UV B dapat menyebabkan kulit kecoklatan, sunburn, dan luka lepuh. Sedangkan dalam jangka panjang, paparan sinar UV B dapat menyebabkan kanker kulit dan penuaan dini.

 

SInar UV C

Dibandingkan dengan sinar UV A dan B, sinar UV C memiliki tingkat energi paling tinggi. Paparan sinar UV C dapat mengenai sel terluar di lapisan atas kulit. Sinar UV C sepenuhnya disaring oleh lapisan ozon sehingga seluruh sinar UV C tidak mencapai permukaan tanah dan kulit manusia.

Sumber UV C buatan umumnya dijumpai pada lampu khusus untuk membunuh bakteri, lampu merkuri dan lampu las. Meskipun diangap tidak memicu kanker kulit, namun paparan sinar UV C dapat menyebabkan rasa terbakar pada kulit, melepuh dan munculnya lesi di kulit.

 

Baca Juga: Berapa Lama Kulit Terbakar Matahari bisa Sembuh?

 

Cara Melindungi Diri dari Paparan Sinar Ultra Violet

Untuk menjaga kesehatan kulit, penting untuk melindungi diri dari sinar matahari terutama jika Anda akan berada di luar ruangan dalam waktu yang lama. Sebelum keluar ruangan, pastikan mengoleskan sunscreen yang mampu melindungi kulit dari paparan sinar UV A dan UV B. Gunakan sunscreen yang memiliki SPF 30 atau lebih.

Selain mengoleskan sunscreen, Anda juga dianjurkan untuk memakai pelindung lainnya seperti pakaian lengan panjang, payung atau topi dan berteduh jika sengatan matahari terlalu panas.

 

Itulah beberapa perbedaan antara sinar UV A, B dan C. Selalu gunakan sunscreen di saat pagi atau siang hari untuk melindungi kulit. Jika memiliki pertanyaan seputar efek samping sinar UV pada kulit, Anda bisa berkonsultasi ke dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care.

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 10 Mei 2023 | 03:51
Tags : sinar ultraviolet sinar matahari paparan panas

Vandergriendt, C. (2019). What’s the Difference Between UVA and UVB Rays?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/skin/uva-vs-uvb

WebMD. What's the Difference Between UVA and UVB Rays?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/melanoma-skin-cancer/difference-between-uva-rays-and-uvb-rays

FDA. (2020). Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/tanning/ultraviolet-uv-radiation

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