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Oliguria, Ketika Urine yang Dikeluarkan Lebih Sedikit dari Biasanya

Oliguria, Ketika Urine yang Dikeluarkan Lebih Sedikit dari Biasanya
Credit: Freepik. Volume air kencing Anda dapat menandakan kondisi kesehatan Anda sehari-hari.

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Bagikan :


Pernahkah Anda mengamati volume urine yang Anda keluarkan sehari-hari? Volume urine yang Anda keluarkan saat buang air kecil dapat menjadi indikator kesehatan Anda. Ketika volume urine Anda lebih sedikit dari biasanya, kondisi ini dikenal dengan nama oliguria.

 

Apa Itu Oliguria?

Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, oliguria adalah kondisi dimana volume urine Anda lebih sedikit dari biasanya. Normalnya, volume urine pada orang dewasa mencapai 400-500ml per hari. Volume ini dipengaruhi oleh usia, jenis kelamin, berat badan dan tingkat aktivitas Anda.

Bayi dikatakan mengalami oliguria jika volume urine kurang dari 1 ml/kgBB/jam, sedangkan anak-anak disebut mengalami oliguria jika volume urine kurang dari 0,5 ml/kgBB/jam. Pada kasus oliguria yang parah, kondisi ini dikenal dengan nama anuria, yaitu kencing tidak keluar dimana ginjal tidak bisa memproduksi urine.

Oliguria dapat dialami oleh siapa saja, namun umumnya dialami oleh orang yang memiliki penyakit ginjal dan memicu penyakit ginjal akut. Oliguria juga merupakan kondisi yang umum pada orang yang harus mengalami cuci darah.

 

Penyebab Oliguria

Oliguria dapat disebabkan oleh banyak hal. Dilansir WebMD, beberapa penyebab oliguria antara lain:

Dehidrasi: Dehidrasi atau kondisi ketika tubuh kehilangan banyak cairan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama oliguria. Ketika Anda tidak mencukupi cairan tubuh, maka tubuh akan mengalami dehidrasi. Penyebab dehidrasi lainnya adalah masalah kesehatan seperti diare dan muntah.

Cedera Serius: Cedera serius seperti luka bakar parah dapat membuat Anda mengalami dehidrasi dan sulit buang air kecil. Cedera dan infeksi lainnya yang juga dapat memicu oliguria adalah perdarahan, syok anafilaksis, dan syok septik setelah operasi.

Baca lebih lanjut mengenai syok septik/sepsis: Penyakit Syok Sepsis - Definisi, Penyebab, Gejala, dan Tata Laksana | AI Care (ai-care.id)

Sumbatan di Saluran Kemih: Adanya sumbatan pada saluran kemih dapat menyebabkan volume urine berkurang. Sumbatan pada saluran kemih dapat memengaruhi seluruh sistem sekresi seperti ginjal, ureter, kandung kemih dan uretra.

Sumbatan ini dapat disebabkan oleh banyak hal seperti adanya batu ginjal atau pembesaran prostat. Kondisi ini lebih berisiko dialami orang dewasa daripada anak-anak.

Pengaruh Obat-Obatan: Beberapa obat-obatan yang Anda konsumsi dapat menyebabkan volume urine berkurang seperti obat pereda nyeri NSAID (aspirin dan ibuprofen), antobiotik tertentu, obat kemoterapi, obat penghalang ACE (ACE inhibitor), obat untuk mengatasi masalah saluran kemih dan cairan kontras saat pemeriksaan rontgen.

Penyakit Ginjal: Oliguria dapat menyebabkan gagal ginjal, tetapi lebih sering itu merupakan gejala bahwa ginjal Anda tidak bekerja sebagaimana mestinya.

 

Gejala Oliguria

Oliguria dapat disebabkan oleh kurang minum atau masalah kesehatan lainnya. Pada beberapa kasus oliguria tidak hanya ditandai dengan volume urine yang sedikit, namun juga tanda-tanda berikut:

  • Warna urine yang lebih pekat
  • Ada bercak darah dalam urine
  • Pembengkakan kaki dan lengan
  • Nyeri di pinggang bagian samping
  • Mual dan muntah
  • Badan lesu
  • Demam

 

Penanganan Oliguria

Penanganan oliguria akan disesuaikan dengan penyebabnya. Jika Anda mengalami dehidrasi, dokter akan merekomendasikan untuk memperbanyak minum atau minum larutan elektrolit. Minum banyak cairan juga dapat mengurangi risiko batu ginjal.

Apabila oliguria disebabkan oleh batu ginjal, dokter dapat merekomendasikan obat-obatan yang efektif untuk menghancurkan batu ginjal.

Jika batu ginjal berukuran besar, dokter dapat merekomendasikan terapi gelombang atau operasi untuk memecah dan mengangkat batu ginjal. Namun pada kasus parah, dokter akan merekomendasikan cuci darah atau transplantasi ginjal.

 

Volume air kencing Anda dapat menandakan kondisi kesehatan Anda sehari-hari. Jika Anda merasa frekuensi dan volume berkemih berkurang serta diikuti gejala oliguria maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:36
Tags : gangguan ginjal gagal ginjal akut retensio urine

Cleveland Clinic. Oliguria (Low Urine Output). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22271-oliguria#

Berry, C. (2022). Oliguria. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/critical-care-medicine/approach-to-the-critically-ill-patient/oliguria

 

Gardner, A. (2021). What Is Oliguria?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/oliguria-facts

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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