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Sama-Sama Alami Kelumpuhan Wajah, Apa Beda Bell's Palsy dan Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?

Sama-Sama Alami Kelumpuhan Wajah, Apa Beda Bell's Palsy dan Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?
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Ramsay Hunt Syndrome belakangan ini sedang santer menjadi pembicaraan masyarakat. Sebagai penyakit yang masuk kategori langka, karena tidak selalu dialami dan jarang ditemukan, Ramsay Hunt Syndrome dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan wajah yang juga menjadi gejala pada penyakit Bell's Palsy. Lantas apa bedanya Ramsay Hunt Syndrome dan Bell's Palsy?

Sekalipun Ramsay Hunt Syndrome dan Bell's Palsy sama-sama ditandai dengan kelumpuhan wajah, keduanya bukanlah penyakit yang sama. Ramsay Hunt Syndrome disebabkan oleh adanya reaktivasi virus varicella zoster, sedangkan Bell's Palsy tidak diketahui dengan jelas apa penyebabnya, bisa infeksi virus atau faktor penyakit lain.

 

Apa itu Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome atau disebut juga dengan istilah herpes zoster oticus terjadi ketika herpes zoster memengaruhi saraf wajah di dekat salah satu telinga Anda. Selain ruam yang menyakitkan, Ramsay Hunt Syndrome dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan wajah dan gangguan pendengaran pada telinga yang terkena.

Penyakit langka ini disebabkan oleh virus varicella zoster, virus yang sama yang menyebabkan cacar air. Setelah cacar air sembuh, virus ini masih tinggal (dorman/tidur) di saraf, di mana virus dapat aktif kembali dan memengaruhi saraf wajah dan menyebabkan kelumpuhan.

Sayangnya, tidak ada obat khusus yang dapat membantu menyembuhkan secara total. Pengobatan yang diberikan untuk Ramsay Hunt Syndrome hanya berguna untuk mengurangi risiko komplikasi seperti kelemahan otot wajah permanen dan ketulian.

 

Gejala Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

Pada Ramsay Hunt Syndrome umumnya disertai oleh beberapa gejala, di antaranya:

  • Rasa sakit yang parah pada telinga
  • Ruam yang menyakitkan pada gendang telinga, saluran telinga, daun telinga, lidah dan langit-langit mulut di sisi saraf yang terkena
  • Adanya gangguan pendengaran di satu sisi telinga yang terkena
  • Vertigo
  • Kelemahan pada satu sisi wajah yang menyebabkan kesulitan untuk menutup satu mata, kelemahan pada mulut, kesulitan membuat ekspresi atau gerakan halus wajah
  • Mulut dan mata kering

 

Apa itu Bell's Palsy?

Bell's Palsy adalah suatu kondisi yang menyebabkan kelemahan tiba-tiba pada otot-otot di sisi wajah tertentu. Kelemahan tersebut membuat separuh wajah akan tampak terkulai dengan senyum di satu sisi dan mata yang menolak untuk menutup di sisi yang sakit.

Bell's Palsy juga dikenal sebagai kelumpuhan wajah perifer akut yang penyebabnya tidak diketahui. Kondisi ini bisa terjadi pada usia berapapun yang bisa disebabkan oleh reaksi infeksi virus atau adanya pembengkakan dan peradangan saraf yang mengontrol sisi wajah.

 

Gejala Bell's Palsy

Bell's Palsy seringkali disertai dengan tanda dan gejala sebagai berikut:

  • Kelemahan ringan hingga kelumpuhan total di satu sisi wajah, yang terjadi dalam beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari
  • Wajah terkulai dan kesulitan membuat ekspresi wajah seperti menutup mata atau tersenyum
  • Keluarnya air liur dari satu sisi wajah
  • Rasa nyeri di sekitar rahang, di dalam atau di belakang telinga di sisi yang sakit
  • Peningkatan kepekaan terhadap suara di sisi telinga yang terkena
  • Sakit kepala
  • Kehilangan rasa makanan
  • Perubahan jumlah air mata dan air liur yang dihasilkan

 

Perbedaan Mendasar Ramsay Hunt Syndrome Vs Bell's Palsy

Sama-sama menyebabkan kelumpuhan pada satu sisi wajah, keduanya merupakan penyakit yang berbeda, yang ditunjukkan lewat beberapa perbedaan mendasar di antaranya:

  • Ramsay Hunt Syndrome disebabkan oleh virus Varicella Zoster, sedangkan Bell's Palsy tidak diketahui jelas penyebabnya (bisa infeksi virus ataupun peradangan saraf wajah)
  • Kelumpuhan wajah pada Ramsay Hunt Syndrome lebih lama sembuh dan memiliki kemungkinan tidak dapat disembuhkan secara total bahkan selama beberapa bulan kemudian, sedangkan kelumpuhan Bell's Palsy bisa sembuh secara total dengan atau tanpa pengobatan
  • Ramsay Hunt Syndrom disertai rasa sakit pada telinga dan kehilangan pendengaran, sedangkan Bell's Palsy hanya berpengaruh pada kelumpuhan salah satu sisi wajah
  • Ramsay Hunt Syndrome tidak disertai perubahan produksi air liur atau air mata, bahkan mungkin mengalami mata dan mulut yang kering, sedangkan Bell's Palsy memiliki perubahan produksi air liur yang memungkinkan seseorang meneteskan air liur tanpa bisa dikontrol

Karena sekilas memiliki karakter yang sama, dokter tidak bisa langsung menentukan apakah kelumpuhan wajah Anda disebabkan Ramsay Hunt Syndrome atau Bell's Palsy. Dibutuhkan pemeriksaan terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui penyebab dan cara penanganan yang tepat. Kelumpuhan pada salah satu sisi wajah tidak selalu disebabkan oleh Ramsay Hunt Syndrome atau Bell's Palsy saja, dokter juga mungkin mempertimbangkan adanya stroke. Untuk itu, segera dapatkan pemeriksaan bila Anda mengalami kelumpuhan pada salah satu sisi wajah.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 22:53

Mount Sinai. Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/ramsay-hunt-syndrome

C Sweeney and D Gilden (2001). Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1737523/

Mayo Clinic (2021). Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ramsay-hunt-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351789

 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Bell's palsy. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bells-palsy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370034

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9572
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3792 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3792
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9222 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9222
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8468 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7840
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6093
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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