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  • Mengenal Bell's Palsy, Kelumpuhan Otot Wajah yang Sering Dikira Stroke

Mengenal Bell's Palsy, Kelumpuhan Otot Wajah yang Sering Dikira Stroke

Mengenal Bell's Palsy, Kelumpuhan Otot Wajah yang Sering Dikira Stroke
Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Bell’s palsy adalah kondisi di mana sebagian wajah mengalami kelumpuhan atau otot wajah yang melemah secara tiba-tiba. Kondisi ini biasanya terjadi secara tiba-tiba, namun tidak bersifat permanen.

 

Apa itu Bell’s Palsy?

Bell’s palsy atau yang sering disebut juga dengan facial palsy adalah kelumpuhan pada satu sisi otot wajah secara tiba-tiba. Kondisi ini dapat dialami oleh siapa saja, baik tua maupun muda. Hingga saat ini Bell’s palsy belum dapat diketahui penyebabnya. Tetapi dengan berbagai terapi, Bell’s palsy dapat disembuhkan.

Bell’s palsy sering disamakan dengan kondisi lainnya seperti stroke atau sindrom Ramsay Hunt, namun sebenarnya ketiganya merupakan kondisi yang berbeda. Kelumpuhan pada Bell’s palsy dan sindrom Ramsay Hunt sama-sama bersifat sementara dan dapat pulih dalam beberapa waktu. Sementara itu lumpuh pada stroke bisa disembuhkan jika ditangani pada masa golden hour. Perbedaan lainnya, lumpuh pada stroke disebabkan oleh tersumbatnya aliran darah ke otak, sedangkan sindrom Ramsay Hunt dan Bell’s palsy dapat disebabkan oleh komplikasi virus herpes zoster (cacar ular).

 

Penyebab Bell’s Palsy

Penyebab Bell’s palsy belum dapat diketahui secara pasti. Namun Bell’s palsy sering kali dikaitkan dengan beberapa infeksi virus seperti virus rubella, adenovirus, herpes simplex, virus influenza B, Epstein-Barr, dan lain-lain.

Saraf yang mengontrol otot-otot wajah melewati koridor sempit tulang dalam perjalanannya ke wajah. Pada pengidap Bell’s palsy, saraf tersebut mengalami peradangan dan bengkak karena infeksi virus. Akibatnya, selain mengalami melemahnya otot wajah, pengidap Bell’s palsy juga akan mengalami gangguan saraf pada wajah seperti sakit kepala atau sering berliur.

Dilansir dari E Medicine Health, Bell’s palsy juga dapat disebabkan oleh stres, trauma, demam, hingga tindakan medis lainnya seperti pencabutan gigi.

 

Gejala Bell’s Palsy

Bell’s palsy umumnya terjadi secara tiba-tiba dan dapat membaik dalam beberapa minggu. Gejala Bell’s palsy yang khas antara lain kelumpuhan saraf pada satu sisi wajah sehingga membuat wajah tidak simetris. Gejala lain Bell’s palsy di antaranya:

  • Melemahnya otot wajah hingga mengalami kelumpuhan di satu sisi wajah. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi beberapa jam hingga wajah terkulai dan kesulitan membuat ekspresi wajah seperti menutup mata atau senyum
  • Berliur atau ngiler
  • Nyeri di sekitar rahang atau di dalam telinga yang sakit
  • Peningkatan kepekaan terhadap suara di sisi yang terdampak
  • Sakit kepala
  • Kehilangan indra perasa
  • Terjadi perubahan jumlah air mata dan air liur yang dihasilkan

Gejala kelumpuhan yang muncul umumnya berbeda-beda dan tergantung pada kerusakan yang diakibatkan oleh saraf wajah. Bell’s palsy biasanya terjadi pada satu sisi wajah saja, namun pada kasus tertentu, kondisi ini dapat memengaruhi saraf di kedua sisi wajah Anda.

 

Bisakah Bell’s Palsy Disembuhkan?

Bell’s palsy sebenarnya bukan kondisi yang permanen, namun dilansir dari Johns Hopkins Medicine, pada beberapa kasus yang jarang terjadi kondisi ini tidak dapat pulih sepenuhnya. Meskipun demikian, sebagian besar pengidap Bell’s palsy dapat pulih seutuhnya, dengan atau tanpa terapi khusus. Pasien Bell’s palsy dapat menjalani kombinasi beberapa terapi sesuai dengan keparahan dan kondisi kelumpuhan yang dialami.

Beberapa pengobatan Bell’s palsy yang bisa diberikan pada pasien di antaranya:

  • Pemberian antivirus. Apabila seseorang mengalami Bell’s palsy karena virus herpes, dokter dapat memberikan obat antivirus seperti acyclovir atau valacyclovir dan obat-obatan steroid untuk mempercepat pemulihan.
  • Obat tetes mata. Jika Bell’s palsy memengaruhi saraf mata dan membuat mata pasien sulit menutup, dokter dapat menyarankan penggunaan obat tetes mata dan patch penutup mata agar mata tidak kering.
  • Terapi fisik. Terapi fisik yang diberikan dapat berupa pijat di sekitar mata atau sisi wajah yang lumpuh. Dengan memberi pijatan, terapi ini dapat mencegah otot menyusut sehingga menyebabkan kondisi kelumpuhan permanen.
  • Operasi. Pilihan tindakan operasi biasanya jarang direkomendasikan, namun pada beberapa kasus, dokter dapat menyarankan operasi untuk penyembuhan pasien.

 

Bell's palsy sering kali disamakan dengan penyakit lainnya seperti stroke atau sindrom Ramsay Hunt, padahal setiap kondisi membutuhkan penanganan yang berbeda. Jika Anda tiba-tiba mengalami kehilangan kendali pada sebagian otot wajah, sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter agar mendapat penanganan yang tepat.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 00:58

NHS. Bell’s Palsy. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bells-palsy/

Mayo Clinic. Bell’s Palsy. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bells-palsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370028#

WebMD. Bell’s Palsy. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/brain/understanding-bells-palsy-basics

E Medicine Health. Bell’s Palsy. Available from: https://www.emedicinehealth.com/bell_palsy/article_em.htm

Johns Hopkins Medicine. Bell’s Palsy. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/bells-palsy#

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