Kenali Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko GERD

Kenali Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko GERD

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GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease) adalah kondisi naiknya asam lambung ke kerongkongan atau esofagus yang terjadi secara berulang. Meskipun bukan kondisi yang serius, namun jika tidak segera ditangani dengan tepat kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan komplikasi dan risiko penyakit serius lainnya. Kira-kira, apa saja sih kondisi yang dapat menyebabkan GERD timbul?

Penyebab GERD

Di antara kerongkongan dan lambung terdapat cincin otot yang disebut sfingter esofagus. Serabut cincin otot ini berada di bagian bawah dan mengelilingi esofagus di atas jalan masuk menuju lambung. 

Pada kondisi normal, otot ini bertugas membuka dan menutup kerongkongan sesuai kebutuhan. Makanan yang masuk ke mulut menuju kerongkongan maka sfingter akan membuka dan kembali menutup ketika makanan sudah masuk lambung. Namun pada orang yang mengalami GERD, otot sfingter esofagus bagian bawah melemah sehingga cairan asam lambung dapat naik ke kerongkongan. 

Ketika asam lambung atau makanan naik kembali ke kerongkongan, kondisi ini ditandai dengan munculnya rasa panas atau terbakar di dada, mulut terasa asam atau pahit, dan sensasi mual. 

Faktor risiko pemicu GERD

Dilansir dari Verywell Health, pemicu GERD dapat bermacam-macam, baik dari faktor genetik, gaya hidup hingga kondisi dan masalah kesehatan lain yang dialami.  

1. Kegemukan

Sebuah studi mengungkapkan bahwa orang yang kegemukan dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) tinggi memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami GERD. Para ahli belum dapat mengungkapkan mekanisme antara asam lambung dengan kegemukan, namun mereka menduga tekanan berlebih pada area perut dan ketidakmampuan otot sfingter esofagus bawah untuk berfungsi dengan optimal bisa menjadi penyebabnya.  

2. Kebiasaan merokok

Rokok secara tidak langsung dapat menyebabkan naiknya asam lambung dengan berbagai cara. Rokok dapat mengurangi produksi air liur dan meningkatkan produksi asam di lambung, sehingga terjadi peningkatan asam lambung yang naik ke kerongkongan. 

3. Kebiasaan berbaring setelah makan

Seringkali orang yang baru saja makan banyak lalu berbaring akan bangun dengan kondisi heartburn, dada terasa panas akibat naiknya asam lambung. Kondisi ini sebenarnya normal terjadi, namun apabila hal ini menjadi kebiasaan maka risiko naiknya asam lambung dan GERD akan semakin besar. 

4. Kebiasaan minum minuman beralkohol 

GERD sudah lama dikaitkan dengan kebiasaan minum minuman beralkohol. Hingga kini penelitian mengenai hubungan antara alkohol dengan GERD belum dapat diketahui secara pasti. Namun para ahli meyakini bahwa dengan membatasi konsumsi alkohol, hal ini dapat meredakan gejala GERD yang muncul. 

Risiko GERD juga dapat meningkat pada ibu hamil dan orang yang sedang mengonsumsi obat-obatan seperti aspirin dan ibuprofen. Apabila Anda termasuk orang yang memiliki faktor risiko GERD dan sering kambuh dalam rentang waktu singkat maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter agar mendapat penanganan tepat.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 22:40

Chugh P (2021). Causes and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-causes-gerd-1741914#toc-lifestyle-risk-factors

Mayo Clinic. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/symptoms-causes/syc-20361940

 

Marco P (2021). Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176595-overview#a2

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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