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Mengapa Pengobatan TBC (Tuberkulosis) Membutuhkan Waktu Lama?

Mengapa Pengobatan TBC (Tuberkulosis) Membutuhkan Waktu Lama?
Ilustrasi pemberian obat TBC kepada pasien

Bagikan :


Penyakit tuberkulosis (TBC) merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi penyebab kematian tertinggi di dunia. Penyakit TBC disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang dapat menyerang paru-paru dan organ lainnya seperti tulang, saraf, usus dan kelenjar. Meskipun penyakit ini dapat menyebabkan kematian, namun dengan penanganan yang tepat penyakit ini dapat disembuhkan. Untuk bisa sembuh, pasien TBC harus mengonsumsi obat secara rutin selama minimal 6 bulan.

 

Tahapan Pengobatan TBC

Pengobatan TBC bergantung pada kedisiplinan pasien saat minum obat. Pengobatan TBC membutuhkan waktu minimal 6 bulan. Apabila pengobatan pasien tidak teratur atau berhenti di tengah jalan, hal ini dapat menyebabkan TB resisten obat dimana bakteri TB sudah kebal obat sehingga semakin sulit disembuhkan.

Dilansir dari laman TB Indonesia, pengobatan TBC dapat dibagi menjadi dua tahap yaitu:

1. Tahap Awal (intensif)

Tahap awal pengobatan berlangsung selama 2 bulan pertama pengobatan. Pengobatan pada tahapan ini bertujuan untuk menonaktifkan bakteri TBC yang ada di dalam tubuh. Pada tahapan ini pasien diharuskan untuk mengonsumsi obat setiap hari. 

2. Tahap Lanjutan

Setelah menyelesaikan tahap awal, pasien TBC dapat melanjutkan pengobatan ke tahap lanjutan. Di tahapan ini pasien tak lagi minum obat setiap hari namun hanya mengonsumsi obat-obatan 3x seminggu. Pada tahapan ini, pengobatan bertujuan untuk mematikan kuman atau bakteri TBC.

Seringkali pasien TBC menghentikan pengobatan di minggu-minggu awal pengobatan TBC karena merasa gejala sudah berkurang dan badan terasa lebih fit. Padahal menghentikan pengobatan di tengah jalan dapat memicu TB resistensi obat dimana bakteri tak lagi merespon obat yang biasa diberikan. Akibatnya pilihan pengobatan akan semakin sulit karena pilihan obat antituberkulosis semakin terbatas.

 

Mengapa Pengobatan TBC Memakan Waktu Lama?

TBC berbeda dengan penyakit infeksi bakteri lainnya. Jika umumnya penyakit infeksi bakteri langsung menunjukkan gejala, pada TBC bakteri dapat bersifat dorman atau tidak aktif dan baru menyerang ketika sistem kekebalan tubuh melemah. Tak hanya itu, pengobatan TBC juga memakan waktu lama, minimal 6 bulan dan bahkan bisa mencapai 12 bulan. Lamanya pengobatan tergantung pada derajat berat dan ringannya penyakit TBC yang diderita oleh pasien berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan dokter.

Ada beberapa alasan mengapa pengobatan TBC membutuhkan waktu berbulan-bulan, di antaranya:

1. Bakteri TBC Sulit Dibasmi

Bakteri TBC berjumlah sangat banyak dan memiliki dinding yang sangat tebal sehingga membutuhkan beberapa jenis obat dan dalam jumlah banyak.

2. Bakteri TBC Tumbuh Sangat Lambat

Beberapa jenis obat-obatan yang digunakan baru bekerja ketika sel bakteri aktif membelah diri, namun pembelahan bakteri tersebut berlangsung sangat lambat sehingga butuh waktu lama agar obat bekerja

3. Memastikan Bakteri TBC Mati dengan Tuntas

Dilansir dari NHS, pengobatan TBC memakan waktu 6 bulan bertujuan untuk memastikan bakteri TBC mati secara tuntas. Jika Anda berhenti mengonsumsi obat di tengah-tengah, atau melewatkan beberapa dosis selama masa pengobatan, maka bakteri TB akan kebal pada antibiotik yang diberikan dan penyakit TBC semakin sulit untuk disembuhkan.

 

Menjalani pengobatan tuberkulosis membutuhkan kesabaran dan kedisiplinan tinggi. Apabila Anda mengalami kesulitan untuk mematuhi aturan minum obat TBC, konsultasikan dengan dokter agar Anda tetap dapat mendapat pengobatan yang sesuai. Setelah dinyatakan sembuh, selalu jaga daya tahan tubuh dengan menjalani hidup sehat agar bateri TBC tidak aktif kembali.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 11:36

TBIndonesia. (2021). Tahukah Kalian Tahapan Pengobatan TBC?. Available from: https://tbindonesia.or.id/artikel/tahukah-kalian-tahapan-pengobatan-tbc/

CDC. (2021). Questions and Answers About Tuberculosis. Available from:  https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/faqs/tb-qa.htm

NHS. (2019). Tuberculosis. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tuberculosis-tb/treatment/#

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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