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Sama-Sama Batuk, Ini Beda Batuk TBC (Tuberkulosis) dan Covid-19

Sama-Sama Batuk, Ini Beda Batuk TBC (Tuberkulosis) dan Covid-19

Bagikan :


Tuberkulosis atau TBC termasuk salah satu penyakit infeksi dengan kasus yang tinggi di Indonesia. Menurut WHO Global TB Report di tahun 2021, Indonesia termasuk 3 besar negara dengan penyumbang kasus TBC terbanyak di dunia. Sebelum munculnya wabah Covid-19 akibat Coronavirus, TBC menduduki peringkat pertama penyebab kematian akibat penyakit infeksi.

Baik TBC maupun Covid-19 memiliki gejala yang sama, yaitu batuk. Lalu, bagaimana membedakan batuk TBC dan batuk Covid-19?

 

Perbedaan batuk TBC dan batuk Covid-19

Batuk merupakan mekanisme tubuh untuk mengeluarkan benda asing dari saluran pernapasan. Penyebab batuk pun sangat beragam, mulai dari alergi, asma, naiknya asam lambung, dan infeksi seperti pada TBC dan Covid-19. Sayangnya, banyak yang meremehkan gejala batuk sehingga penyakit infeksi tersebut sering terlambat ditangani.

Meskipun sama-sama menunjukkan gejala batuk, namun batuk pada TBC dan Covid-19 sebenarnya memiliki tanda yang berbeda. Dilansir dari laman covid19.go.id, beberapa perbedaan antara batuk TBC dan Covid-19 antara lain:

1. Beda penyebabnya

Penyakit tuberkulosis disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penyakit ini dapat menyerang paru-paru dan organ lainnya seperti ginjal, tulang belakang, otak dan kelenjar. Jika bakteri TBC menginfeksi paru-paru, kondisi ini dikenal dengan istilah TB paru yang ditandai dengan gejala batuk-batuk dan demam.

Berbeda dengan Covid-19, penyakit ini disebabkan oleh virus Corona. Virus ini dapat ditularkan oleh orang yang terinfeksi namun tidak menunjukkan gejala. Namun pada TBC, meskipun dalam tubuh seseorang terdapat bakteri TBC, tetapi jika ia tidak menunjukkan gejala TBC maka ia tidak dapat menularkan TBC pada orang lain.

2. Beda gejala dan lamanya batuk

Salah satu tanda batuk TBC yang khas adalah gejala dan lama terjadinya batuk. Dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, beberapa gejala khas TBC di antaranya:

  • Batuk hingga 3 minggu atau lebih
  • Batuk dengan dahak berwarna hijau atau kuning karena tercampur bakteri
  • Demam
  • Keringat dingin pada malam hari
  • Berat badan menurun drastis

Pada beberapa kasus, batuk pada TBC juga dapat disertai dengan batuk berdarah akibat pecahnya pembuluh darah di area yang terinfeksi.

Sedangkan batuk akibat Covid-19 umumnya menunjukkan gejala berikut:

  • Batuk kurang dari 2 minggu
  • Demam
  • Mudah lelah

Covid-19 juga dapat disertai gejala lainnya seperti tidak berfungsinya indera perasa dan pembau, sesak napas dan sakit kepala. Pada beberapa kasus, gejala dapat memburuk sehingga menyebabkan sesak napas dan pneumonia setelah beberapa hari munculnya gejala awal.

3. Beda pengambilan sampel untuk diagnosa

Penegakan diagnosis TBC dan Covid-19 sama-sama menggunakan metode Tes Cepat Molekuler (TCM) dan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), namun terdapat perbedaan pada sampel yang diambil. Pada TBC sampel yang digunakan adalah dahak, sedangkan untuk mendeteksi Covid-19 dibutuhkan swab di area nasofaring atau orofaring.

4. Perbedaan pengobatan

Pengobatan pada TBC membutuhkan waktu yang cukup panjang, yaitu antara 6-9 bulan. Jenis obat yang diberikan akan disesuaikan dengan fase penyakit. Salah satu kunci kesembuhan TBC adalah dengan mengonsumsi obat secara disiplin. Pasien TBC yang tidak minum obat secara rutin dapat mengalami resistensi antibiotik yang akan mempersulit pengobatan tuberkulosis karena semakin sedikit obat antituberkulosis yang dapat mematikan bakteri TBC.

Sedangkan untuk Covid-19, hingga saat ini para peneliti masih terus berupaya menemukan obat yang efektif untuk mengatasi Covid-19. Beberapa obat yang diberikan pada pasien Covid-19 antara lain paxlovid, molnupiravir dan remdesivir. Pasien Covid-19 juga dapat menerima obat-obatan lain yang disesuaikan dengan gejala yang dialami. Pengobatan Covid-19 umumnya memakan waktu mulai 5 hari atau lebih.

 

Batuk pada TBC dan Covid-19 terkadang mirip dan sulit untuk dibedakan, namun dengan pemeriksaan yang tepat, kedua penyakit tersebut dapat dideteksi lebih awal sehingga mendapat penanganan yang sesuai. Oleh karena itu, jika Anda mengalami gejala batuk yang tidak kunjung sembuh dalam 2 minggu, maka sebaiknya segera periksakan diri ke dokter.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 09:11

Covid19. (2020). Waspada Tuberculosis di Tengah Pandemi, Ini Perbedaan dengan COVID-19. Available from: https://covid19.go.id/p/berita/waspada-tuberculosis-di-tengah-pandemi-ini-perbedaan-dengan-covid-19

NHS. (2019). Tuberculosis. Avalable from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tuberculosis-tb/#

CDC. (2016). Signs & Symptoms. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/signsandsymptoms.htm

Mayo Clinic. Tuberculosis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351250

Mayo Clinic. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20479963

WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240037021

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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