Mirip Seperti Memar, Apakah Sebenarnya Purpura?

Mirip Seperti Memar, Apakah Sebenarnya Purpura?
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Purpura terlihat seperti bintik-bintik kecil memar pada kulit, namun sebenarnya ini bukanlah memar biasa. Pada kulit yang terang, purpura tampak keunguan. Sedangkan pada kulit gelap, bercak ini tampak lebih berwarna coklat tua atau kehitaman.

Ketahui lebih lanjut apa sebenarnya purpura, dan berbahayakah bagi kesehatan?

 

Apa itu Purpura?

Purpura adalah bercak mirip seperti memar, namun bukan memar. Purpura terjadi ketika pembuluh darah kecil membocorkan darah di bawah permukaan kulit. Purpura bukanlah kondisi medis tertentu, melainkan tanda adanya kondisi lain yang menyebabkan perdarahan.

Purpura dikategorikan berdasarkan kondisi penyebabnya. Ada dua kategori utama, yaitu purpura yang terkait dengan kadar trombosit darah dan purpura yang tidak terkait dengan trombosit darah.

 

Baca Juga: Mengapa Sering Tiba-Tiba Muncul Memar di Tubuh?

Purpura Trombositopenik

Purpura trombositopenik terjadi ketika trombosit di dalam tubuh rendah sehingga darah tidak menggumpal dengan baik. Pada saat ini akan sulit untuk menghentikan perdarahan apabila Anda terluka atau tergores.

Purpura trombositopenia disebabkan oleh berbagai kondisi yang memengaruhi trombosit, di antaranya:

  • Immune thrombocytopenia atau idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP) - kelainan yang menyebabkan perdarahan berlebihan
  • Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia - adalah gangguan kekebalan tubuh yang langka, yang terjadi ketika trombosit bayi diserang dan dihancurkan oleh sel kekebalan ibu
  • Meningococcemia - adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri bernama Neisseria meningitidis. Bakteri ini bisa menyebar melalui droplets orang yang terinfeksi
  • Splenomegali - pembesaran limpa yang menyebabkan gangguan fungsi limpa. Pembesaran tersebut menahan trombosit sehingga tidak beredar di aliran darah

Purpura trombositopenia juga bisa disebabkan oleh konsumsi obat yang memengaruhi trombosit, HIV, hepatitis C, lupus dan penyakit sumsum tulang.

 

Purpura Non-Trombositopenik

Purpura non-trombositopenik artinya purpura yang tidak terkait dengan kadar trombosit di dalam darah. Purpura jenis ini bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, di antaranya:

  • Obat-obatan yang memengaruhi fungsi atau pembekuan trombosit
  • Gangguan pembekuan darah
  • Pembuluh darah yang melemah akibat usia atau paparan sinar matahari
  • Kondisi bawaan seperti Ehlers-Danlos, cytomegalovirus (CMV) atau telangiectasia
  • Peradangan pembuluh darah
  • Kekurangan vitamin C

 

Baca Juga: Inilah Hal-Hal yang Dapat Menyebabkan Trombosit Turun

Berbahayakah Purpura bila Tidak Diobati?

Purpura tidak bisa menimbulkan komplikasi apa pun karena pada dasarnya ini disebabkan kondisi penyakit lainnya. Purpura harus segera dicari tahu penyebabnya agar Anda lekas mendapatkan pengobatan yang sesuai.

Purpura mengindikasikan adanya perdarahan yang perlu diobati penyebabnya untuk meminimalkan risiko komplikasi.

Saat Anda menyadari adanya purpura, maka Anda perlu memeriksakan diri ke dokter. Dokter akan merekomendasikan sejumlah tes seperti biopsi kulit dan juga tes darah lengkap.

Pengobatan purpura sendiri tergantung pada apa penyebabnya. Terkadang purpura tidak perlu diobati dan akan menghilang dengan sendirinya. Di waktu lain, purpura perlu diobati dengan obat kortikosteroid, transfusi darah, splenektomi (pengangkatan limpa), obat untuk meningkatkan kadar trombosit, obat untuk menghentikan sistem kekebalan menghancurkan trombosit.

 

Purpura tidak disertai rasa gatal atau sakit sehingga Anda perlu berkonsultasi dengan dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care untuk meyakinkan apakah yang Anda alami adalah purpura atau memar biasa.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:58

Carrie Madormo, RN, MPH (2023). Purpura: Bruise-Like Spots on Skin That Aren't Bruises. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/purpura-5112894 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Purpura. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/22695-purpura 

Mayo Clinic (2021). Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/idiopathic-thrombocytopenic-purpura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352325 

Raredisease.org (2022). Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia. Available from: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/fetal-and-neonatal-alloimmune-thrombocytopenia/ 

Mount Sinai. Meningococcemia. Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/meningococcemia 

Mayo Clinic (2021). Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enlarged-spleen/symptoms-causes/syc-20354326 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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