Mikroplastik Berbahaya yang Mungkin Ada di Makanan Kita

Mikroplastik Berbahaya yang Mungkin Ada di Makanan Kita
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Mikroplastik adalah potongan kecil plastik yang berukuran kurang dari lima milimeter. Mikroplastik tidak hanya ditemukan di lingkungan seperti di udara, air sungai atau air laut saja. Mikroplastik, bahkan sebenarnya juga ditemukan di dalam air minum dan makanan, yang artinya potongan plastik kecil ini mungkin ada di dalam tubuh kita.

Partikel-partikel mikroplastik bisa berasal dari berbagai sumber, termasuk pemecahan plastik yang lebih besar, produk-produk plastik mikro dan limbah plastik yang tersebar di lingkungan. Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa mikroplastik ditemukan di dalam tubuh manusia termasuk darah, tinja dan jaringan tubuh yang pada akhirnya dapat berdampak negatif pada kesehatan tubuh.

 

Dampak Negatif Mikroplastik bagi Tubuh

Mikroplastik dapat berdampak negatif bagi kesehatan tubuh, di antaranya:

Kemungkinan paparan zat kimia

Mikroplastik memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam menyerap zat kimia dari lingkungan. Ketika mikroplastik masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia melalui udara yang dihirup, makanan atau minuman, zat kimia yang menempel pada mikroplastik bisa berpindah ke tubuh manusia.

Risiko peradangan

Risiko peradangan akibat partikel mikroplastik yang masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia hingga kini masih belum dipahami sepenuhnya dan masih terus diteliti. Namun, potensi reaksi inflamasi tubuh berlebihan mungkin terjadi saat mikroplastik dan zat kimia berbahaya yang diserapnya masuk lebih dalam ke tubuh.

Inflamasi berlebihan dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit kronis seperti penyakit jantung, diabetes, atau gangguan autoimun.

Gangguan hormonal

Mikroplastik yang terpapar zat-zat kimia berbahaya bisa masuk ke dalam tubuh dan menjadi zat-zat pengganggu hormon yang memengaruhi sistem endokrin manusia. Ini dapat berdampak pada keseimbangan hormon di dalam tubuh dan memiliki efek jangka panjang yang tidak diinginkan.

Selain zat-zat pengganggu endokrin, mikroplastik juga mungkin membawa logam berat atau polutan organik yang meningkatkan paparan bahan kimia berbahaya di tubuh.

 

Baca Juga: Mengonsumsi Makanan Ini Dapat Meningkatkan Hormon Testosteron

 

Jenis Mikroplastik yang Mungkin Terkandung di Dalam Makanan dan Minuman

Tidak hanya mungkin terhirup oleh hidung, mikroplastik juga bisa masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui makanan atau minuman. Adapun beberapa jenis mikroplastik yang bisa ditemukan di dalam makanan atau minuman di antaranya:

BPA (Bisphenol A)

BPA adalah bahan kimia yang digunakan dalam produksi plastik seperti botol plastik, galon air kemasan, peralatan makan, peralatan dapur, mainan, lapisan pelindung kaleng makanan atau minuman serta produk kemasan makanan lainnya. BPA telah menjadi subjek perhatian karena potensinya sebagai zat kimia yang dapat mengganggu sistem endokrin.

BPA dapat menyebabkan dampak negatif lain bagi tubuh, di antaranya:

  • Memengaruhi perkembangan otak janin dan anak-anak
  • Memengaruh kesehatan reproduksi pria
  • Berdampak pada perubahan perilaku anak-anak
  • Meningkatkan tekanan darah, diabetes tipe 2 dan penyakit kardiovaskular

Dioxin

Dioxin adalah sekelompok senyawa kimia yang sangat beracun yang merupakan produk sampingan dari proses industri dan pembakaran termasuk pembakaran sampah, pembakaran bahan bakar fosil dan proses kimia tertentu. Dioxin dikaitkan dengan masalah sistem reproduksi termasuk gangguan menstruasi, penurunan kesuburan dan masalah perkembangan seksual.

Dioxin juga dapat mengganggu fungsi sistem kekebalan tubuh, gangguan hormonal, meningkatkan risiko perkembangan kanker serta memengaruhi sistem saraf dan perkembangan otak anak-anak secara negatif.

 

Baca Juga: Tips Memilih Botol Minum Plastik yang Aman untuk Kesehatan

 

Phthalate

Phthalate adalah kelompok bahan kimia yang digunakan sebagai agen pemlastis. Bahan kimia ini dapat meningkatkan fleksibilitas, kekuatan dan daya tahan plastik sehingga lebih mudah dibentuk dan tahan lama. Beberapa jenis phthalate dikaitkan dengan gangguan hormonal yang berdampak negatif terutama bagi anak-anak.

Polyethylene dan polypropylene

Kedua jenis bahan kimia ini membuat kemasan menjadi lebih ringan dan tahan lama. Penelitian menemukan bahwa bahan kimia ini mungkin berkontribusi terhadap beberapa jenis kanker.

 

Agar terhindar dari potensi negatif mikroplastik, Anda perlu membatasi makanan olahan, makanan instan kemasan, memilih kemasan eco-friendly, menggunakan kemasan berbahan gelas atau stainless steel. Memiliki gejala kesehatan tidak biasa atau ingin tahu lebih banyak tentang dampak negatif mikroplastik? Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Selasa, 3 Oktober 2023 | 03:36

National Ocean Service. What are microplastics?. Available from: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/microplastics.html 

Yongjin Lee, et all (2023). Health Effects of Microplastic Exposures: Current Issues and Perspectives in South Korea. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10151227/ 

Kelly Johnson-Arbor, MD. Are Microplastics Harmful?. Available from: https://www.poison.org/articles/are-microplastics-harmful 

Maya Ordonez (2022). Microplastics and Health Risks: What Do We Really Know?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/news/20221028/microplastics-health-risks-what-do-we-really-know 

Amber Charles Alexis, MSPH, RDN (2022). What do we know about microplastics in food?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-do-we-know-about-microplastics-in-food 

Dr. Nicola Williams, Ph.D (2021). How do Microplastics Affect Our Health?. Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/How-do-Microplastics-Affect-Our-Health.aspx 

Brent A. Bauer, MD (2023). What is BPA, and what are the concerns about BPA?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/bpa/faq-20058331 

Yvette Brazier (2021). What to know about dioxins. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17685 

CDC (2021). Phthalates Factsheet. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/Phthalates_FactSheet.html 

WebMD (2023). What to Know About the Toxicity of Polypropylene. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-to-know-about-the-toxicity-of-polypropylene 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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