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Memahami Penyebab Acanthosis Nigricans dan Cara Mengatasinya

Memahami Penyebab Acanthosis Nigricans dan Cara Mengatasinya
Credits: Freepik

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Beberapa orang mungkin mengalami perubahan warna dan penumpukan kulit di area tubuh tertentu, seperti leher, ketiak, selangkangan, atau lipatan bawah lengan. Perubahan ini bisa tampak seperti garis-garis kulit yang lebih tebal, kasar, dan berkerut. Penting untuk menyadari bahwa kondisi ini tidak selalu terkait dengan kebersihan diri yang buruk, melainkan bisa menjadi tanda dari Acanthosis nigricans.

 

Apa itu Acanthosis Nigricans

Acanthosis nigricans adalah kondisi kulit yang ditandai dengan perubahan warna dan penumpukan kulit tebal di area tubuh tertentu, seperti leher, ketiak, selangkangan, atau lipatan bawah lengan. Acanthosis nigricans sendiri sebenarnya adalah gejala dari beberapa kondisi medis yang mendasari, seperti resistensi insulin, gangguan hormon, obesitas atau efek samping obat tertentu.

 

Penyebab Acanthosis Nigricans

Seperti disebutkan sebelumnya, ada beberapa kondisi medis yang melatarbelakangi munculnya Acanthosis nigricans. Ketahui bagaimana kondisi medis tersebut bisa menyebabkan munculnya Acanthosis nigricans.

Resistensi insulin

Resistensi insulin terjadi ketika sel-sel di otot, lemak, dan hati tidak lagi merespons insulin dengan efektif. Insulin adalah hormon yang diproduksi oleh pankreas dan memiliki peran penting dalam membantu tubuh menggunakan gula sebagai energi.

Pada resistensi insulin, sel-sel tersebut tidak dapat dengan mudah mengambil glukosa dari darah sehingga kadar gula darah tetap tinggi. Sebagai responsnya, pankreas akan meningkatkan produksi insulin untuk menyeimbangkan kadar gula darah.

Kelebihan insulin dapat menyebabkan sel-sel kulit bereproduksi dengan cepat. Pada orang dengan kulit yang memiliki lebih banyak pigmen, sel-sel kulit baru yang dihasilkan cenderung mengandung lebih banyak melanin. Peningkatan melanin ini menghasilkan bercak kulit yang berwarna lebih gelap dibandingkan dengan kulit di sekitarnya yang dikenal sebagai Acanthosis nigricans. Pengamatan akan adanya Acanthosis nigricans menjadi indikator penting dalam deteksi dini dan pencegahan diabetes.

Baca Juga: Bahan Alami yang Ampuh Mengatasi Dark Spot (Hiperpigmentasi)

Gangguan hormonal

Acanthosis nigricans juga bisa terjadi sebagai akibat gangguan hormon, seperti misalnya sindrom ovarium polikistik (PCOS), penyakit Addison, atau penyakit kelenjar tiroid.

Konsumsi obat-obatan tertentu

Beberapa obat-obatan tertentu dapat memicu atau memperburuk Acanthosis nigricans, di antaranya:

  • Insulin tambahan
  • Asam nikotinat (untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol)
  • Pil KB
  • Dietilstilbestrol (pengobatan kanker)
  • Hormon pertumbuhan manusia
  • Glukokortikoid sistemik
  • Obat tiroid
  • Suplemen binaraga yang mengandung hormon atau zat-zat tertentu
  • Penghambat protease (pengobatan HIV/AIDS)
  • Terapi estrogen

Baca Juga: Ciri Infeksi Kulit dan Ragam Penyebabnya

 

Cara Mengatasi Acanthosis Nigricans

Menurut American Academy of Dermatology, dokter kulit akan merekomendasikan pemeriksaan apabila mencurigai adanya perubahan kulit terkait Acanthosis nigricans. Anda akan direkomendasikan untuk menjalani tes darah dan tes medis lain guna mengetahui penyebabnya.

Penanganan Acanthosis nigricans tergantung pada apa penyebabnya. Beberapa di antaranya mungkin tidak memerlukan pengobatan khusus, pengobatan diberikan untuk mengendalikan gejala penyebab yang mendasarinya. Pada kondisi tertentu, dokter kulit mungkin merekomendasikan perawatan seperti krim pemutih kulit, perawatan laser, antibiotik, sabun antibakteri atau krim retinoid untuk membantu membersihkan kulit.

Konsultasikan dengan dokter atau dokter kulit apabila Anda mencurigai adanya perubahan kulit mirip Acanthosis nigricans. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 8 Maret 2024 | 09:05

Mayo Clinic (2022). Acanthosis nigricans. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/symptoms-causes/syc-20368983 

Mark F. Brady and Prashanth Rawla (2023). Acanthosis Nigricans. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431057/ 

American Academy of Dermatology Association. Acanthosis Nigricans: https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/acanthosis-nigricans-treatment 

Janet Barwell (2024). Everything You Need to Know About Acanthosis Nigricans. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/acanthosis-nigricans 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (2018). Insulin Resistance & Prediabetes. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/prediabetes-insulin-resistance 

Jayne Leonard (2023). What to know about acanthosis nigricans. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324062 

MSDM. Acanthosis Nigricans in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/multimedia/image/acanthosis-nigricans-in-polycystic-ovary-syndrome 

WebMD (2022). Skin and Acanthosis Nigricans. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acanthosis-nigricans-overview 

Gus Mitchell (2021). Acanthosis nigricans. Available from: https://dermnetnz.org/topics/acanthosis-nigricans 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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