Usia Berapa Tepatnya Anak Disebut Remaja?

Usia Berapa Tepatnya Anak Disebut Remaja?
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Masa remaja adalah peralihan dari masa anak-anak ke masa dewasa. Pada masa ini ada banyak perubahan besar baik secara fisik, seksual, kognitif, sosial dan emosional.

Masa remaja bisa menjadi waktu yang menyenangkan namun juga penuh tantangan. Dengan membantu anak melewati masa remaja, anak akan mampu mengatasi kecemasan selama masa peralihannya ini.

 

Tahapan Masa Remaja

Dalam masa peralihannya, anak disebut remaja tepatnya sejak usia 13 hingga 18 tahun. Sepanjang masa peralihan tersebut ada tahapan perkembangan yang dilewatinya, di antaranya:

Awal masa remaja (usia 10-13 tahun)

Di usia ini, anak mengalami pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat khususnya dalam perubahan fisik. Perubahan fisik yang dialami seperti pertumbuhan rambut di lipatan ketiak dan kelamin, perubahan suara, pembesaran testis pada anak laki-laki dan perkembangan payudara pada anak perempuan. Anak perempuan juga mulai menstruasi sekitar usia 12 tahun, atau rata-rata sekitar 2-3 tahun setelah payudaranya berkembang.

Beberapa anak mungkin mengalami kecemasan selama periode usia ini, terutama jika mereka tidak tahu apa yang sedang terjadi. Sebagian anak juga mulai sadar diri akan penampilannya, mulai merasa penasaran, cemas, atau takut dihakimi karena penampilan. Di awal masa remaja, anak mulai merasa membutuhkan privasi dan mencari cara mandiri di dalam keluarga.

Baca Juga: Perubahan Suara dan Mimpi Basah, Ini Tanda-Tanda Pubertas pada Anak Laki-Laki

 

Masa pertengahan remaja (usia 14-17 tahun)

Perubahan fisik anak akan terus berlanjut. Suara anak laki-laki mulai berubah atau lebih rendah, beberapa mengalami jerawat dan tumbuh jauh lebih tinggi dari masa praremaja. 

Sementara anak perempuan mulai mengalami menstruasi yang teratur. Baik remaja laki-laki maupun perempuan juga akan tertarik pada hubungan romantis serta mulai mengeksplorasi identitas seksualnya. Salah satu cara eksplorasi seksual adalah stimulasi diri atau yang disebut masturbasi.

Di usia ini, remaja mulai menghabiskan lebih sedikit waktu dengan keluarga dan memilih menjalani kegiatan dengan teman-teman dan hobinya. Perkembangan otaknya menjadi lebih matang dan mulai berpikir lebih abstrak serta mempertimbangkan gambaran yang lebih besar. Meskipun demikian, perkembangan otaknya belum sepenuhnya matang sampai usianya 20 tahun nanti.

Masa akhir remaja (usia 18-21 tahun)

Di usia 18-21 tahun, pertumbuhan fisiknya telah selesai. Remaja laki-laki dan perempuan telah tumbuh setinggi orang dewasa dan memiliki kontrol impuls yang lebih kuat dibandingkan saat mereka lebih muda.

Masa akhir remaja juga disebut masa awal dewasa, di mana mereka mulai memiliki persepsi diri yang lebih kuat, bisa mengenali nilai-nilai yang mereka anut, dan dapat lebih fokus pada masa depan. Persahabatan dan hubungan romantis juga menjadi lebih stabil. Walaupun terpisah secara emosional dan fisik dari keluarga, namun hubungan dengan orang tua menjadi lebih baik khususnya dalam hal diskusi topik dewasa, meminta nasihat atau mendiskusikan hal-hal yang lebih penting.

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda Pubertas pada Anak Perempuan

  

Masa remaja bisa menjadi tantangan yang sangat besar bagi anak-anak. Dibutuhkan pendampingan dan komunikasi yang baik antara anak dengan orang tua agar anak bisa menjalani masa remajanya dengan baik. Cobalah untuk tidak terlalu menghakimi, tidak mempermalukan, tidak menertawakan dan mendampingi anak dalam kesulitannya.

Tetap berikan ruang bagi anak agar mereka merasa memiliki privasi, namun jangan mendorong mereka untuk merasa sendirian dan kesepian.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:34

Stanford Medicine. The Growing Child: Teenager (13 to 18 Years). Available from: https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=the-growing-child-adolescent-13-to-18-years-90-P02175.

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Adolescent Development. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/7060-adolescent-development.

Brittany Allen, MD, FAAP & Helen Waterman, DO (2019). Stages of Adolescence. Available from: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/Pages/Stages-of-Adolescence.aspx.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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