Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kulit Ketiak Hitam

Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kulit Ketiak Hitam

Bagikan :


Seperti warna kulit di bagian tubuh lainnya, seharusnya warna kulit di ketiak Anda juga sama. Namun karena beberapa faktor, kulit ketiak dapat berubah menjadi lebih gelap. Perubahan warna ini bukanlah hal yang serius dan berbahaya, namun ada kalanya kondisi tersebut mengurangi rasa percaya diri.

Warna kulit ditentukan oleh sel pigmen yang disebut melanosit yang terkenal perannya dalam pigmentasi kulit dan kemampuannya memproduksi dan mendistribusikan melanin. Ketika sel-sel ini berkembang biak lebih banyak, mereka dapat mengubah warna kulit menjadi lebih gelap.

Penyebab kulit ketiak hitam

Ada banyak faktor yang menyebabkan kulit ketiak menghitam, faktor paling besar adalah acanthosis nigricans. Acanthosis nigricans, seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic, adalah kondisi kulit yang ditandai dengan area gelap, perubahan warna seperti beludru di lipatan dan lipatan tubuh. Area kulit yang mengalami kondisi ini bisa menebal dan biasanya mempengaruhi ketiak, selangkangan serta leher.

Dilansir Healthline dan Medical News Today, berikut adalah beberapa faktor penyebab ketiak hitam:

  • Iritasi akibat zat kimia yang terkandung di dalam deodoran dan antiperspiran
  • Iritasi akibat kebiasaan mencukur yang rutin
  • Penumpukan sel kulit mati
  • Penggunaan baju yang terlalut ketat
  • Hiperpigmentasi akibat kebiasaan merokok
  • Hiperpigmentasi akibat peningkatan melanin
  • Acanthosis nigricans
  • Infeksi bakteri yang disebut erythrasma
  • Adanya melasma
  • Penyakit Addison - kerusakan pada kelenjar adrenal
  • Resistensi insulin
  • Obesitas - memiliki berat badan berlebih menyebabkan gesekan kulit yang memicu perubahan warna kulit menjadi lebih gelap
  • Gangguan hormon - gangguan hormonal. Acanthosis nigricans sering terjadi pada orang yang memiliki kelainan seperti kista ovarium, tiroid yang kurang aktif atau masalah dengan kelenjar adrenal.
  • Genetika - kondisi acanthosis nigricans dapat diturunkan di dalam keluarga, sehingga faktor genetik sangat mungkin menyebabkan perubahan warna ketiak
  • Ras - penelitian menemukan bahwa acanthosis nigricans paling umum dialami oleh penduduk asli Amerika, diikuti oleh Afrika-Amerika, Hispanik dan Kaukasia
  • Efek samping beberapa pengobatan termasuk niacin dosis tinggi, pil KB, kortikosteroid

Faktor risiko

Karena acanthosis nigricans adalah salah satu penyebab utama perubahan warna ketiak, maka risiko yang menyebabkan kondisi tersebut juga sekaligus meningkatkan risiko hitamnya ketiak. Dilansir Medical News Today, faktor risiko tersebut antara lain:

  • Memiliki keluarga dengan riwayat acanthosis nigricans
  • Memiliki warna kulit yang gelap - orang yang memiliki kulit lebih gelap cenderung memiliki perubahan warna gelap di bawah lengan mereka dibandingkan orang dengan kulit yang lebih terang.
  • Memiliki riwayat obesitas
  • Memiliki riwayat diabetes atau resistensi insulin
  • Terlalu sering mencabut bulu ketiak atau mencukur
  • Memiliki kondisi gangguan hormonal
  • Konsumsi obat-obatan tertentu
  • Memiliki riwayat kanker perut, hati atau usus

Untuk mengatasi keluhan ketiak hitam yang disebabkan oleh kondisi medis lain, terlebih dahulu Anda harus mengatasi gejalanya. Apabila Anda membutuhkan bantuan pengobatan, maka Anda bisa melakukan konsultasi dengan dokter kulit agar mendapatkan pengobatan sesuai dosis dan kondisi Anda. Hindari mencoba berbagai krim sembarangan karena dapat menyebabkan iritasi dan problem lain pada kulit.

Leonard, Jayne (2018). Ways to Get Rid of Dark Underarms. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322860

Watson, Stephanie (2019). What Causes Dark Underarms, and How Are They Treated? Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/dark-underarms

Mayo Clinic Staff (2020). Acanthosis Nigricans. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/symptoms-causes/syc-20368983

Frothingham, Scott (2018). How to Lighten Underarms. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/underarm-lightening

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia (2018). Melanocyte. Encyclopedia Britannica. Available from : https://www.britannica.com/science/melanocyte. 

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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Backtrace
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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