Perawatan dan Pengobatan untuk Mengatasi GERD

Perawatan dan Pengobatan untuk Mengatasi GERD

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease atau yang lebih populer dengan istilah GERD adalah kondisi di mana refluks asam mengalir kembali ke kerongkongan. Normalnya, katup di kerongkongan dapat terbuka dan tertutup untuk memungkinkan makanan masuk ke dalam perut. Setelah makanan masuk, ia akan kembali tertutup untuk mencegah makanan dan cairan asam lambung mengalir kembali ke kerongkongan. Katup esofagus pada GERD mengalami kelemahan atau relaksasi di saat yang tidak seharusnya, sehingga isi lambung dapat mengalir ke atas kerongkongan. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi lebih dari dua kali dalam seminggu.

Kelebihan berat badan, obesitas, dan gaya hidup yang buruk meningkatkan risiko GERD. Penderita GERD sering merasakan rasa terbakar di dada yang kemudian menjalar ke leher dan tenggorokan. Rasa nyeri, tekanan di dada, dan sensasi terbakar terkadang bisa bertahan hingga 2 jam, bahkan memburuk setelah makan.

Ada berbagai perawatan dan pengobatan yang bisa dilakukan dalam mengatasi GERD, mulai dari mengonsumsi obat, mengubah gaya hidup, hingga melakukan operasi. Yuk, cari tahu lebih lanjut perawatan dan pengobatan apa saja yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengatasi GERD.

Perubahan gaya hidup dan pola makan

Mengubah pola makan dan gaya hidup adalah langkah pertama untuk menyembuhkan GERD. Dilansir Hopkins Medicine, inilah beberapa hal yang disarankan:

  • Menurunkan berat badan apabila Anda memiliki kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas
  • Menghindari makanan yang dapat meningkatkan produksi asam lambung seperti minuman berkafein
  • Menghindari makanan dan minuman yang dapat memengaruhi gerak peristaltik di pencernaan seperti makanan berlemak, minuman berkafein, cairan asam, minuman beralkohol, atau yang mengandung peppermint
  • Menghindari makan dalam porsi besar
  • Menghentikan kebiasaan merokok
  • Tidak langsung berbaring setelah makan
  • Mengatur ketinggian kepala saat berbaring

Konsumsi obat GERD

Untuk meredakan gejala GERD, umumnya dokter akan memberikan obat-obatan seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic berikut:

  • Antasida - membantu menetralkan asam di kerongkongan dan lambung serta menghentikan rasa panas dalam perut
  • Obat untuk menurunkan produksi asam seperti H2-receptor blockers
  • Obat untuk menghambat produksi asam dan menyembuhkan saluran esofagus seperti proton pump inhibitors

Operasi

Apabila pengobatan tidak cukup untuk meringankan gejala, dan dari pemeriksaan yang sudah dilakukan dokter ternyata ditemukan penyakit atau komplikasi yang lebih berat, Anda mungkin akan disarankan untuk mendapatkan prosedur pembedahan, seperti dilansir WebMD berikut:

  • Fundoplikasi - prosedur untuk meningkatkan tekanan di kerongkongan bagian atas, dengan memutar bagian atas perut. Prosedur ini dapat mengencangkan otot dan meningkatkan tekanan di kerongkongan bawah untuk menghentikan refluks. Umumnya, prosedur ini dilakukan melalui laparoskopi atau operasi terbuka
  • Transoral insisi fundoplication (TIF) - operasi menggunakan endoskopi untuk membungkus perut di sekitar katup esofagus dengan pengencang plastik
  • Prosedur Stretta - dokter akan meletakkan tabung kecil ke dalam kerongkongan yang menggunakan panas frekuensi radio rendah untuk membentuk kembali katup esofagus
  • Operasi LINX - dokter akan membalutkan pita berisi manik-manik magnet titanium di sekitar diafragma, daya tarik magnet akan membuat ruang yang cukup longgar untuk membiarkan makanan masuk ke perut, namun juga dapat menghentikan refluks

Ingin mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut tentang prosedur operasi? Anda bisa melakukan konsultasi terlebih dahulu dengan dokter, apakah kondisi GERD yang Anda alami saat ini cukup diatasi dengan terapi dan pengobatan atau harus diatasi dengan operasi.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 15:03

John Hopkins Medicine (2021). Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Treatment. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-gerd-treatment

Mayo Clinic Staff (2020). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959

Bhargava H (2020). GERD. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/reflux-disease-gerd-1

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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