Ketahui Apa Itu Resistansi Antibiotik

Ketahui Apa Itu Resistansi Antibiotik
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Antibiotik adalah jenis obat yang dapat membunuh atau memperlambat perkembangan bakteri. Biasanya obat ini diresepkan oleh dokter saat Anda mengalami infeksi bakteri. Obat ini tidak boleh dikonsumsi sembarangan karena dapat menyebabkan resistansi antibiotik. Apakah itu?

 

Cara Kerja Antibiotik

Antibiotik adalah obat keras yang hanya boleh diminum berdasarkan resep dokter. Obat ini hanya mengobati infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri, infeksi yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme lain seperti virus atau jamur tidak dapat diobati dengan antibiotik. Inilah mengapa saat Anda sedang sakit tenggorokan atau batuk, dokter tidak selalu memberikan antibiotik.

Antibiotik pertama yang dikenal di dunia medis adalah penisilin, Setelahnya ditemukan pula jenis antibiotik lain yang dapat membantu mengobati orang yang alergi pada penisilin.

Beragam antibiotik bekerja dengan cara yang unik, namun cara kerja utamanya adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Membunuh bakteri dan mengganggu pembentukan dinding sel bakteri atau isi sel
  • Menghentikan perkembangbiakan bakteri

 

Baca Juga: Tidak Semua Sakit Tenggorokan Perlu Diobati Dengan Antibiotik, Ini Alasannya

 

Mengenal Apa itu Resistansi Antibiotik

Antibiotik tidak boleh dikonsumsi sembarangan karena dapat menyebabkan resistansi antibiotik. Resistansi antibiotik terjadi ketika bakteri tidak lagi dapat dikendalikan atau dibunuh oleh antibiotik tertentu. Dengan demikian, maka infeksi bakteri menjadi sulit diobati.

Resistansi antibiotik dapat terjadi karena beberapa hal berikut:

  • Minum antibiotik di saat infeksi tubuh tidak disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri, misalnya seperti saat sedang pilek
  • Tidak minum antibiotik sesuai dengan dosis atau jadwal yang ditentukan oleh dokter
  • Berhenti minum obat antibiotik karena merasa gejala sudah membaik
  • Bakteri yang berkembang terlalu cepat di dalam tubuh
  • Antibiotik juga membunuh bakteri baik sehingga perkembangan bakteri jahat tidak terkontrol
  • Minum antibiotik berdasarkan keinginan sendiri tanpa diresepkan oleh dokter

Resistansi antibiotik ini dapat menyebabkan komplikasi yang merugikan seperti:

  • Meningkatkan keparahan gejala penyakit, bahkan menyebabkan kematian
  • Meningkatkan keparahan efek samping obat
  • Perawatan di rumah sakit yang lebih lama
  • Kebutuhan pengobatan yang lebih lama
  • Pengeluaran yang membengkak akibat pengobatan yang lebih lama dan kebutuhan obat lainnya

Perlu dicatat bahwa orang dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang lemah lebih berisiko terhadap resistansi antibiotik. Orang dengan AIDS, lupus, kanker, baru saja menjalani transplantasi organ sebaiknya lebih berhati-hati dalam mengonsumsi antibiotik.

 

Baca Juga: Kenali Penggunaan dan Efek Samping Antibiotik

 

Cara Mencegah Resistansi Antibiotik

Antibiotik bukan obat yang perlu dihindari. Dengan konsumsi yang tepat, obat antibiotik dapat menyembuhkan dan menyelamatkan nyawa. Untuk mencegah resistansi antibiotik lakukan beberapa hal berikut:

  • Sering-sering mencuci tangan untuk menurunkan risiko infeksi. Cuci tangan dengan benar setidaknya 20 detik menggunakan air bersih dan juga sabun
  • Dapatkan vaksinasi untuk mencegah infeksi penyakit
  • Hanya meminum antibiotik yang telah diresepkan dokter. Jangan minum obat antibiotik milik orang lain atau tanpa konsultasi terlebih dahulu dengan dokter
  • Habiskan dosis antibiotik yang diresepkan oleh dokter sesuai resep walaupun gejala sudah membaik. Menghentikan dosis antibiotik lebih dini dapat memberikan kesempatan bakteri berkembang biak kembali dan meningkatkan risiko resistansi antibiotik
  • Pasang alarm pengingat agar Anda tidak melewatkan dosis antibiotik sesuai jadwal

Mengonsumsi antibiotik dapat menyebabkan efek samping seperti mual, muntah, diare, ruam, sakit perut, sensitif terhadap cahaya, infeksi jamur berkepanjangan, gangguan pencernaan dan lain sebagainya. Segera periksakan diri kembali pada dokter apabila Anda mengalami efek samping tersebut dan selalu infokan pada dokter apabila memiliki alergi terhadap obat-obatan tertentu.

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 20:22

Healthline team (2022). How Do Antibiotics Work?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/how-do-antibiotics-work

Adam Felman and Fazana Begum (2023). What to know about antibiotics. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/10278

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Antibiotic Resistance. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21655-antibiotic-resistance

HSE (2022). Antibiotic resistance. Available from: https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/antibiotics/antibiotic-resistance/

 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Germs: Understand and protect against bacteria, viruses and infections. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/art-20045289

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2145 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7001 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7001
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 48 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 48
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new690μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 6 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 6
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.37msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 460 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 460
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.37msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7807 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9843
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9694
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.28msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9628 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9628
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.54msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9614 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9614
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-04-26 00:19:03GET/penyakit/ketahui-apa-itu-resistansi-antibiotik41132174