Kapan Perlu Mendapatkan Tranfusi Darah?

Kapan Perlu Mendapatkan Tranfusi Darah?
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Tranfusi darah adalah prosedur medis yang dilakukan untuk memberikan darah yang disumbangkan melalui tabung yang ditempatkan di pembuluh darah lengan. Prosedur ini perlu dilakukan khususnya untuk menyelamatkan jiwa yang terancam.

 

Kapan Perlu Mendapatkan Transfusi Darah

Anda membutuhkan transfusi darah saat menggalami kondisi tertentu, di antaranya:

Saat kehilangan darah selama operasi

Ketika menjalani operasi besar ada risiko di mana pasien dapat kehilangan sejumlah darah yang signifikan. Hal ini dapat memengaruhi fungsi organ tubuh yang penting sehingga perlu dilakukan transfusi darah.

Transfusi darah dilakukan untuk menggantikan darah yang hilang sehingga fungsi organ tubuh selama operasi dan pemulihan pascaoperasi tetap terjaga. Transfusi darah dilakukan dengan menggunakan darah yang diberikan oleh donor yang telah memenuhi persyaratan. Sebelum melakukan donor darah, serangkaian tes juga dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa darah yang disumbangkan aman dan tidak mengandung penyakit menular.

 

Baca Juga: Kenapa Harus Berpuasa Terlebih Dahulu Sebelum Cek Darah?

 

Saat mengalami cedera serius akibat kecelakaan kendaraan atau bencana alam

Transfusi darah perlu dilakukan pada pasien yang mengalami cedera serius akibat kecelakaan kendaraan bermotor maupun bencana alam. Cedera serius yang dimaksud seperti patah tulang besar, luka bakar serius, atau trauma pada organ dalam yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan darah signifikan dan mengancam jiwa.

Transfusi darah pada hal ini dapat membantu menggantikan darah yang hilang serta mencegah kondisi mematikan seperti stroke hemoragik.

 

Orang dengan riwayat penyakit yang menyebabkan anemia

Orang dengan riwayat penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan anemia seperti leukemia atau penyakit ginjal sering menjadi penerima transfusi darah. Anemia dapat terjadi ketika jumlah sel darah merah di dalam tubuh berkurang atau tidak cukup.

Sel darah merah memiliki peran penting membawa oksigen ke seluruh tubuh. Kekurangan sel darah merah menyebabkan gejala seperti kelelahan, sesak napas dan pusing.

Orang yang menderita leukemia atau kanker darah lainnya dapat mengalami anemia karena sel-sel kanker menyerang sel-sel darah normal di dalam tubuh. Sedangkan pasien dengan penyakit ginjal biasanya mengalami anemia karena ginjal tidak berfungsi dengan baik. Tubuh menjadi tidak dapat memproduksi hormon yang diperlukan untuk membuat sel darah merah.

 

Baca Juga: Bolehkah Melakukan Donor Darah saat Hamil dan Menyusui?

 

Risiko Transfusi Darah

Walau termasuk hal yang krusial dilakukan, transfusi darah tetap memiliki risiko tersendiri, di antaranya:

  • Adanya risiko infeksi yang ditularkan melalui darah yang disumbangkan. Darah yang disumbangkan mungkin telah melewati serangkaian tes, namun tetap ada risiko infeksi seperti HIV, hepatitis B atau hepatitis C
  • Kemungkinan terjadinya reaksi hemolitik imun akut, yaitu di mana sistem kekebalan menyerang sel darah merah yang ditransfusikan karena golongan darah donor tidak cocok. Sel-sel darah merah yang diserang dapat melepaskan zat berbahaya ke dalam darah yang membahayakan ginjal
  • Kemungkinan terjadinya reaksi hemolitik yang tertunda, yaitu di mana reaksi hemolitik terjadi lebih lambat, sekitar 1-4 minggu sebelum kadar sel darah merah menurun
  • Kemungkinan terjadinya penyakit graft versus host, yaitu di mana sel darah putih yang ditransfusikan menyerang sumsum tulang. Kondisi fatal ini lebih sering dialami orang dengan sistem kekebalan yang lemah atau dirawat karena leukemia atau limfoma

 

Semua orang memiliki peluang untuk menjadi pendonor darah selama memenuhi persyaratan tertentu. Konsultasikan dengan dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care mengenai kemungkinan untuk mendonorkan darah Anda.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 15 Mei 2023 | 02:44

Mayo Clinic (2022). Blood transfusion. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/blood-transfusion/about/pac-20385168 

American Red Cross. Why Patients Receive Blood Transfusions. Available from: https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-donation-process/what-happens-to-donated-blood/blood-transfusions/reasons-transfusions.html 

NHS Inform (2023). Blood transfusion. Available from: https://www.nhsinform.scot/tests-and-treatments/non-surgical-procedures/blood-transfusion 

Penn Medicine (2022). What is Anemia?. Available from: https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/anemia 

Janine Harewood, et all (2022). Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448158/ 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Graft vs. Host Disease. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10255-graft-vs-host-disease-an-overview-in-bone-marrow-transplant 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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