Jenis-Jenis Patah Tulang dan Cara Mendiagnosisnya

Jenis-Jenis Patah Tulang dan Cara Mendiagnosisnya
Credit: Freepik. Patah tulang adalah kondisi yang dapat dialami siapa saja.

Bagikan :


Patah tulang adalah kondisi yang dapat dialami siapa saja, baik anak-anak maupun dewasa. Patah tulang dapat disebabkan oleh jatuh, kecelakaan, cedera saat berolahraga, atau kondisi lain yang melemahkan tulang seperti osteoporosis.

 

Jenis-Jenis Patah Tulang

Patah tulang adalah kondisi ketika tulang patah sehingga mengalami perubahan bentuk atau posisi. Kondisi ini dapat disebabkan oleh cedera, atau ketika tulang menerima beban yang lebih besar dari kekuatannya. Selain itu, patah tulang juga dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi medis lain yang memicu risiko patah tulang seperti osteoporosis.

Ketika seseorang mengalami patah tulang, tingkat keparahan yang dialami tergantung dari seberapa besar tekanan yang diterima tulang. Jenis patah tulang juga dapat dibedakan berdasarkan kerusakan dan perubahan bentuk patah tulang. Jenis patah tulang juga memengaruhi penanganan dan pengobatan yang akan diberikan. 

Dilansir dari WebMD, berikut ini beberapa jenis-jenis patah tulang:

 

Berdasarkan Sifat Patahannya

Fraktur Terbuka: Patah tulang terbuka atau fraktur terbuka adalah kasus patah tulang yang disertai dengan luka pada pada daerah tulang yang patah. Dalam kasus berat, Anda dapat melihat bagian tulang yang patah dari luar.

Fraktur Tertutup: Berbeda dengan fraktur terbuka, pada kondisi patah tulang ini tidak diikuti dengan luka di luar area yang mengalami patah tulang. Karenanya, patah tulang jenis ini umumnya lebih sulit diidentifikasi daripada patah tulang terbuka.

Fraktur Parsial: Pada patah tulang parsial, tulang yang patah tidak benar-benar patah menjadi dua bagian atau hanya sebagian yang mengalami retak dan patah.

Fraktur Total: Pada fraktur total, patah tulang terjadi seutuhnya sehingga benar-benar menyebabkan tulang patah menjadi dua atau bahkan lebih.

Displaced fracture: Displaced fracture adalah tipe patah tulang yang terjadi ketika tulang patah dan bergeser sehingga ujung patahan tulang tidak sejajar.

Nondisplaced fracture: Berbeda dengan displaced fracture, nondisplaced fracture adalah kondisi di mana tulang yang patah tidak bergeser dan tetap berada dalam posisi sejajar.

 

Berdasarkan Bentuk Patahannya

Fraktur Transversal: Patah tulang jenis ini terjadi ketika patah tulang terjadi melintang atau horizontal. Biasanya kondisi ini terjadi ketika tekanan atau benturan kuat berarah tegak lurus ke tulang.

Fraktur Oblik: Fraktur oblik terjadi ketika patah tulang memiliki bentuk patahan miring atau diagonal. Kondisi ini terjadi karena ada tekanan dari sudut tertentu, biasanya dari arah atas maupun bawah.

Fraktur Greenstick: Fraktur greenstick merupakan tipe patah tulang parsial, yaitu ketika tulang patah atau retak hanya di satu sisi sedangkan sisi lainnya tidak sehingga tulang dapat menekuk atau bengkok

Fraktur Spiral: Fraktur spiral dapat terjadi pada kasus patah tulang lengkap. Biasanya kondisi ini terjadi ketika tulang patah terpelintir dari posisi semula

Fraktur Linear: Fraktur yang terjadi sejajar sepanjang tulang. Fraktur jenis ini termasuk patah tulang total atau lengkap

 

Berdasarkan Lokasi Tulang yang Patah

Mengidentifikasi lokasi patah tulang penting untuk menentukan metode pengobatan yang dilakukan. Berdasarkan lokasi tulang, patah tulang dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa jenis yaitu:

  • Patah tulang selangka
  • Patah tulang pergelangan tangan
  • Patah tulang lengan
  • Patah tulang kaki termasuk engkel dan tungkai kaki
  • Patah tulang belakang
  • Patah tulang rusuk
  • Patah tulang pinggul/panggul

 

Cara Mendiagnosis Patah Tulang

Dalam penanganan kasus patah tulang, dokter akan memeriksa kondisi fisik seperti menyentuh, menggerakkan, menekan area yang diduga mengalami patah tulang. Selain itu dokter juga akan melakukan wawancara pada pasien mengenai riwayat cedera, gejala dan kondisi lainnya yang dapat memengaruhi risiko patah tulang.

Untuk menunjang pemeriksaan, dokter akan meminta pasien untuk melakukan pemindaian seperti rontgen, CT scan dan MRI. Jika diperlukan, dokter dapat melakukan pemeriksaan darah, dan pemeriksaan kepadatan tulang untuk mendukung penegakan diagnosis.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 00:57

Brazier, Y. (2021). What is a fracture?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173312

Cleveland Clinic. Bone Fractures. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15241-bone-fractures

WebMD Editorial Contributors. (2022). Understanding Bone Fractures -- the Basics. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-fractures-basic-information#

 

Orthopaedic Associates. The Different Kinds of Bone Fractures. Available from: https://www.oaidocs.com/2018/12/21/the-different-kinds-of-bone-fractures/#

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 30 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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