Inilah Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Mata Minus (Miopi)

Inilah Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Mata Minus (Miopi)
Credits: Freepik. Diagnosis dini miopia dapat mencegah perburukan.

Bagikan :


Selama ini Anda mungkin pernah mendengar istilah mata minus, plus atau silinder. Kondisi mata ini umum dialami dan sebagian besar orang pada akhirnya harus menggunakan kacamata atau lensa kontak agar penglihatannya menjadi jelas.

Pada artikel kali ini, pembahasan akan difokuskan pada mata minus. Apa sih mata minus, dan apa penyebabnya?

 

Apa itu Mata Minus?

Mata minus disebut dengan istilah medis miopia atau rabun jauh. Kondisi gangguan penglihatan ini digambarkan di mana objek yang dekat tampak jelas, namun objek yang jauh terlihat buram. Artinya, orang dengan mata minus tidak dapat melihat benda-benda yang letaknya jauh atau benda-benda yang jauh terlihat buram.

Mata minus biasanya terjadi selama masa kanak-kanak dan remaja, dan menjadi lebih stabil di usia 20 dan 40 tahun. Mata minus cenderung diturunkan di dalam keluarga, dan sangat umum dialami banyak orang.

Mata minus adalah gangguan mata yang dapat dikoreksi dengan kacamata, lensa kontak atau operasi. Namun pada kasus yang jarang, terdapat tipe miopia disebut miopia degeneratif yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan.

 

Penyebab Mata Minus

Mata minus dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan refraksi, yaitu ketika adanya kelainan pada bentuk mata atau kornea, sehingga cahaya yang masuk ke mata tidak dapat difokuskan tepat pada retina. Bayangan akan jatuh di depan retina sehingga menyebabkan pandangan buram.

Mata minus atau rabun jauh juga dapat terjadi karena adanya faktor keturunan, ketika salah satu orang tua atau kedua orang tua mengalaminya. Namun, para ahli belum yakin apa penyebab pastinya, sejauh ini mereka percaya bahwa faktor keturunan dan lingkungan sangat memengaruhi kejadian rabun jauh.

Mata minus cenderung muncul di usia kanak-kanak, kondisinya terkadang bisa menurun atau memburuk seiring bertambahnya usia.

 

Faktor Risiko Mata Minus

Setiap orang berisiko mengalami rabun jauh. Namun, miopia cenderung terjadi pada anak-anak dan remaja, yang mungkin dapat memburuk saat mendekati usia awal 20-an. Jika rabun jauh terjadi sejak anak-anak, kondisi ini dapat menetap hingga dewasa. Risiko terjadinya rabun jauh, antara lain:

 

Faktor Genetik

Umumnya mata minus adalah masalah yang diturunkan dari salah satu atau kedua orang tua. Risikonya semakin meningkat bila kedua orang tua memiliki mata minus.

Faktor Usia

Menurut National Eye Institute, rabun jauh atau mata minus sering dimulai di antara usia 6 dan 14 tahun, yang dapat terus memburuk hingga mencapai usia awal 20-an.

Diabetes

Tidak hanya karena faktor genetik saja, diabetes juga dapat meningkatkan risiko mata minus.

Stres Visual

Stres visual adalah stres yang dialami oleh mata akibat melakukan pekerjaan yang membutuhkan konsentrasi tinggi di depan komputer, seperti membaca atau membuat desain gambar. Kondisi ini bahkan bisa menyebabkan rabun jauh sementara, di mana penglihatan Anda terbatas pada jarak yang dekat.

 

Terlalu Sering Menghabiskan Waktu dengan Gadget

Anak-anak usia sekolah yang menghabiskan waktu 7 jam atau lebih dalam 1 minggu di depan televisi, layar komputer, atau layar tablet atau ponsel berisiko tinggi mengalami mata minus.

Perawatan, penggunaan kacamata, dan operasi seperti LASIK mungkin dapat membantu mengatasi masalah mata minus. Namun dengan pemeriksaan dini, Anda dapat memperlambat perburukan dari gejala rabun jauh.

Periksakan secara rutin ke dokter apabila salah satu atau kedua orang tua memiliki riwayat mata minus untuk mendapatkan perawatan sedini mungkin.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 02:06

Heather Hobbs (2022). Nearsightedness (Myopia). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/nearsightedness

Cleveland Clinic (2020). Myopia (Nearsightedness). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8579-myopia-nearsightedness

Mayo Clinic (2022). Nearsightedness. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nearsightedness/symptoms-causes/syc-20375556

David Turbert (2022). Nearsightedness: What Is Myopia?. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/myopia-nearsightedness

 

 

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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