Bisakah HIV Menular Melalui Oral Seks?

Bisakah HIV Menular Melalui Oral Seks?
Credit: Freepik. Seks oral memiliki risiko penularan virus HIV yang paling rendah.

Bagikan :


HIV/AIDS adalah salah satu penyakit menular yang dapat melemahkan sistem kekebalan tubuh dalam melawan infeksi dan penyakit. Sayangnya, di masyarakat masih banyak pemahaman yang kurang tepat mengenai infeksi HIV, termasuk cara penularannya. Salah satunya, benarkah virus HIV dapat menyebar melalui aktivitas seks oral?

 

Apa Itu HIV/AIDS?

Banyak orang menyamakan antara HIV dan AIDS, padahal keduanya adalah hal yang berbeda. HIV atau human immunodeficiency virus adalah virus yang menyerang dan melemahkan sistem kekebalan manusia khususnya pada sel darah putih yang disebut sebagai sel CD4.

HIV adalah virus yang akan terus menginfeksi selama sisa hidup mereka. Ketika seseorang terpapar virus HIV dan tidak ditangani dengan benar, kondisi ini dapat berkembang menjadi AIDS (Acquired Immune Defficiency Syndrome).

Ketika seseorang dinyatakan mengidap AIDS maka ia sudah mencapai tahapan akhir dari infeksi HIV dengan kondisi dan gejala yang kompleks.

Baca Juga: Jenis Penyakit yang Menular Melalui Seks Oral

 

Penularan HIV/AIDS

Virus HIV adalah jenis virus yang dapat menular melalui kontak cairan tubuh. Namun, virus HIV tidak dapat menular melalui pertukaran air liur, keringat dan ciuman. Sentuhan dan gigitan nyamuk yang membawa virus HIV juga tidak dapat menularkan virus HIV.

Virus HIV dapat ditularkan melalui kontak cairan tubuh seperti cairan vagina atau sperma ketika melakukan aktivitas seksual.

Selain berhubungan seksual, HIV juga dapat ditularkan melalui penggunaan jarum suntik secara bersama-sama, sentuhan langsung dengan darah yang terinfeksi, serta penularan dari ibu ke janin selama kehamilan, persalinan atau kehamilan.

 

Risiko Penularan HIV Melalui Hubungan Seksual

Meskipun virus HIV dengan mudah menular melalui hubungan seks, namun tidak semua metode hubungan seks memiliki risiko yang sama. Dilansir dari CDC, berikut ini panduan mengenai metode hubungan seksual yang paling berisiko terhadap penularan HIV:

 

Seks anal

Anda berisiko tertular virus HIV jika melakukan seks anal dengan pasangan tanpa menggunakan kondom. Seks anal merupakan tipe hubungan seksual yang paling berisiko tinggi untuk menularkan virus HIV. Risiko tertular akan lebih tinggi jika dinding anus tipis dan mudah sobek sehingga virus HIV lebih mudah menginfeksi.

 

Seks vaginal

Jika dibandingkan dengan seks anal, seks vaginal memiliki risiko lebih rendah bagi seseorang untuk tertular virus HIV. Risiko tertular akan lebih tinggi jika seks vaginal dilakukan tanpa menggunakan kondom. Virus HIV dapat memasuki tubuh seseorang melalui jaringan tipis antara vagina dan serviks.

Penularan virus HIV dalam seks vaginal juga dapat terjadi ketika cairan vagina dan darah yang mengandung virus HIV masuk melalui ujung penis yang terbuka, kulit penis yang tidak disunat, goresan atau luka terbuka di sekitar penis.

Baca Juga: Seks Oral, Perlukah Menggunakan Kondom?

 

Seks oral

Menurut para ahli, seks oral adalah tipe hubungan seksual yang memiliki risiko penularan virus HIV paling rendah. Oral seks adalah kegiatan seksual yang melibatkan kontak antara mulut dengan penis, vagina atau anus.

Seseorang memiliki risiko terkena HIV melalui aktivitas seks seperti ejakulasi di mulut yang memiliki luka, gusi berdarah atau luka di genital, serta apabila salah satu memiliki penyakit menular seksual.

Meskipun memiliki risiko paling rendah dan sangat jarang terjadi kasus penularan HIV melalui seks oral, namun sebaiknya tetap waspada dengan penularan penyakit berbahaya lainnya melalui aktivitas seksual tersebut.

Sebagai langkah pencegahan, sebaiknya selalu gunakan kondom ketika oral seks terutama jika salah satu pasangan memiliki gejala penyakit menular seksual. Selain itu sebaiknya hindari berhubungan seks dengan bergonta-ganti pasangan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 01:35

CDC. HIV Transmission. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html#

HIV. Preventing Sexual Transmission of HIV. Available from: https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/reducing-sexual-risk/preventing-sexual-transmission-of-hiv#

NHS. Can HIV be Transmitted Through Oral Sex (Fellatio and Cunnilingus)?. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/sexual-health/can-hiv-be-transmitted-through-oral-sex-fellatio-and-cunnilingus/

CDC. Ways HIV Can Be Transmitted. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/ways-people-get-hiv.html

Mayo Clinic. HIV/AIDS. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5062
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.44msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1552 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1552
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1832 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1832
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5777
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.42msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5698 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5698
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5769 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5769
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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